Subjects

Careers

Open the App

Subjects

Learn Enzymes: Lock and Key vs. Induced Fit Models for Kids

Open

31

0

user profile picture

elle

10/01/2023

Biology

GCSE Biology - Enzymes

Learn Enzymes: Lock and Key vs. Induced Fit Models for Kids

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in various metabolic processes. This summary explores the structure and function of enzymes, including the lock and key theory and induced fit model, as well as factors affecting enzyme activity such as temperature and pH. It also covers how to calculate enzyme reaction rates.

...

10/01/2023

1299

Enzymes
• enzyme: a biological catalyst that increase the rate of reaction without being
changed or used in the process
o they are large pro

View

Induced Fit Model and Reaction Rates

Induced Fit Model

The induced fit model of enzyme action is an extension of the lock and key theory. This model proposes that the enzyme's active site is more flexible than initially thought.

Definition: The induced fit model suggests that the enzyme changes its shape slightly to fit the substrate better during the reaction process.

This model provides a more accurate representation of enzyme-substrate interactions, accounting for the dynamic nature of protein structures.

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Temperature

Temperature significantly impacts enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which it functions best.

Vocabulary: Optimum temperature is the temperature at which an enzyme functions most efficiently.

Highlight: If the temperature exceeds the optimum, the enzyme's shape starts to change, and it becomes denatured, rendering it inactive.

pH

The pH level also plays a crucial role in enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimum pH at which it performs most effectively.

Vocabulary: Optimum pH is the pH level at which the enzyme functions best.

Highlight: If the pH surpasses the optimum level, the enzyme will change shape, slowing down the rate of reaction and potentially becoming denatured.

Enzymes
• enzyme: a biological catalyst that increase the rate of reaction without being
changed or used in the process
o they are large pro

View

Calculating Enzyme Reaction Rates

Understanding how to calculate enzyme reaction rates is crucial in biochemistry and molecular biology. This knowledge allows scientists to quantify enzyme activity and compare the efficiency of different enzymes or the same enzyme under various conditions.

Formula for Reaction Rate

The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can be calculated using the following formula:

Rate of Reaction = Change in Product / Time Taken

Example: If an enzyme-controlled reaction produces 30 cm³ of hydrogen gas in 2 minutes, the rate of reaction would be: 30 cm³ / 120 seconds = 0.25 cm³/s

Units of Measurement

When calculating enzyme reaction rates, it's important to use consistent units:

  • Change in product: Typically measured in cubic centimeters cm3cm³
  • Time taken: Usually measured in seconds ss
  • Rate of reaction: Often expressed as cubic centimeters per second cm3/scm³/s

Highlight: Proper unit conversion is crucial when calculating enzyme reaction rates to ensure accurate results.

Understanding these concepts and calculations is essential for students studying biology, biochemistry, or related fields. It provides a foundation for more advanced studies in enzyme kinetics and metabolic processes.

Enzymes
• enzyme: a biological catalyst that increase the rate of reaction without being
changed or used in the process
o they are large pro

View

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

21 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 17 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

 

Biology

1,299

10 Jan 2023

4 pages

Learn Enzymes: Lock and Key vs. Induced Fit Models for Kids

user profile picture

elle

@academia_angel

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in various metabolic processes. This summary explores the structure and function of enzymes, including the lock and key theory and induced fit model... Show more

Enzymes
• enzyme: a biological catalyst that increase the rate of reaction without being
changed or used in the process
o they are large pro

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Induced Fit Model and Reaction Rates

Induced Fit Model

The induced fit model of enzyme action is an extension of the lock and key theory. This model proposes that the enzyme's active site is more flexible than initially thought.

Definition: The induced fit model suggests that the enzyme changes its shape slightly to fit the substrate better during the reaction process.

This model provides a more accurate representation of enzyme-substrate interactions, accounting for the dynamic nature of protein structures.

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Temperature

Temperature significantly impacts enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which it functions best.

Vocabulary: Optimum temperature is the temperature at which an enzyme functions most efficiently.

Highlight: If the temperature exceeds the optimum, the enzyme's shape starts to change, and it becomes denatured, rendering it inactive.

pH

The pH level also plays a crucial role in enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimum pH at which it performs most effectively.

Vocabulary: Optimum pH is the pH level at which the enzyme functions best.

Highlight: If the pH surpasses the optimum level, the enzyme will change shape, slowing down the rate of reaction and potentially becoming denatured.

Enzymes
• enzyme: a biological catalyst that increase the rate of reaction without being
changed or used in the process
o they are large pro

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Calculating Enzyme Reaction Rates

Understanding how to calculate enzyme reaction rates is crucial in biochemistry and molecular biology. This knowledge allows scientists to quantify enzyme activity and compare the efficiency of different enzymes or the same enzyme under various conditions.

Formula for Reaction Rate

The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can be calculated using the following formula:

Rate of Reaction = Change in Product / Time Taken

Example: If an enzyme-controlled reaction produces 30 cm³ of hydrogen gas in 2 minutes, the rate of reaction would be: 30 cm³ / 120 seconds = 0.25 cm³/s

Units of Measurement

When calculating enzyme reaction rates, it's important to use consistent units:

  • Change in product: Typically measured in cubic centimeters cm3cm³
  • Time taken: Usually measured in seconds ss
  • Rate of reaction: Often expressed as cubic centimeters per second cm3/scm³/s

Highlight: Proper unit conversion is crucial when calculating enzyme reaction rates to ensure accurate results.

Understanding these concepts and calculations is essential for students studying biology, biochemistry, or related fields. It provides a foundation for more advanced studies in enzyme kinetics and metabolic processes.

Enzymes
• enzyme: a biological catalyst that increase the rate of reaction without being
changed or used in the process
o they are large pro

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Enzymes
• enzyme: a biological catalyst that increase the rate of reaction without being
changed or used in the process
o they are large pro

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Enzymes: Structure and Function

Enzymes are essential biological catalysts that increase reaction rates without being consumed in the process. They are large proteins composed of amino acids and have specific active sites that bind to substrates.

Definition: An enzyme is a biological catalyst that increases the rate of reaction without being changed or used in the process.

Vocabulary:

  • Substrate: The substance on which an enzyme reacts.
  • Active site: A surface on the enzyme that only allows it to bind with certain substrates.

Lock and Key Theory

The lock and key theory in enzymes explains how enzymes and substrates interact. This model suggests that the active site of an enzyme has a specific shape that perfectly complements the shape of its substrate, much like a key fits into a lock.

Example: The lock and key model process involves:

  1. The substrate colliding with and attaching to the enzyme's active site.
  2. The enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of the substrate.
  3. The products being released from the active site.

Highlight: The enzyme molecule remains unchanged after the reaction and can be reused, making it an efficient catalyst.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user