Glucose Biosynthesis and Respiration

This section covers the utilization of glucose produced during photosynthesis and introduces cellular respiration processes.

Highlight: Glucose serves multiple purposes including cellulose production, starch storage, amino acid synthesis, and lipid production.

Definition: Respiration is an exothermic process occurring in mitochondria, transferring energy from glucose for living processes.

Example: Anaerobic respiration in animals produces lactic acid, while in plants and yeast it produces ethanol and CO2.

Vocabulary: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs in its absence.

Photosynthetic Reaction and Limiting Factors

This section introduces the fundamental process of photosynthesis and its key components. The chemical equation 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 represents the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy.

Definition: Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction where plants create glucose from sunlight, with energy being transferred to chloroplasts.

Highlight: The rate of photosynthesis is affected by four main factors: temperature, light intensity, amount of chlorophyll, and CO2 concentration.

Example: Temperature's effect demonstrates enzyme-controlled reactions, where rate increases until optimal temperature before enzymes denature.

Vocabulary: Limiting factors are environmental conditions that restrict the rate of photosynthesis when in low levels.