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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
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1
Maria Matusiak
14/12/2025
Biology
GCSE AQA Biology Required Practicals
617
•
14 Dec 2025
•
Maria Matusiak
@mariamatusiak_ywcn
These six required practicals are essential experiments you'll need to... Show more
Ever wondered how you can actually measure photosynthesis happening in real time? This experiment lets you count oxygen bubbles as plants produce them during photosynthesis.
You'll place pondweed in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (which releases CO₂ for the plant) and position it at different distances from an LED light. As you move the light further away, you'll see fewer oxygen bubbles being produced. This demonstrates how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis.
The inverse square law is crucial here - when you double the distance from the light source, the number of bubbles falls by four times. If counting bubbles gets too fast or sizes vary too much, you can measure the actual volume of oxygen produced instead using a gas syringe for more accurate results.
Quick Tip: Always use LED lights rather than normal bulbs because they don't produce heat, which would affect your results.
This experiment shows you exactly how pH levels can make or break enzyme activity. You'll be testing how well the enzyme amylase breaks down starch at different pH values.
The method involves mixing starch solution, amylase enzyme, and different pH buffer solutions in test tubes. After combining them in a water bath at 35°C, you'll test drops of the mixture with iodine every 30 seconds. When starch is present, iodine turns blue-black, but when the amylase has broken it all down, the iodine stays orange.
You'll repeat this process using buffers at pH 6, 7, and 8 to see which pH allows amylase to work fastest. The main challenge is that colour changes can be gradual, making it tricky to pinpoint exactly when all the starch has been broken down.
Remember: Each enzyme has an optimal pH where it works best - this experiment helps you discover amylase's preferred conditions.
These food tests are your toolkit for detecting what's actually in different foods. You'll learn four essential tests that can identify the main biological molecules in any food sample.
Start by grinding your food sample into a paste, then filter it to remove solid particles. For starch, add iodine solution - it'll turn from orange to blue-black if starch is present. The Benedict's test for reducing sugars like glucose involves heating with Benedict's solution, which changes from blue to brick-red.
Protein testing uses biuret solution that shifts from blue to purple when proteins are detected. For lipids (fats), you'll skip the filtering step and add ethanol, then water - a white cloudy emulsion forms if fats are present.
Safety First: Always wear safety goggles during these tests, especially when heating Benedict's solution.
This practical lets you see osmosis in action using potato cylinders and different sugar solutions. You'll discover how water moves across cell membranes and affects plant tissue.
Cut identical potato cylinders using a cork borer, then measure their length and mass before placing them in different molar concentrations of sugar solution overnight. After removing surface moisture, re-measure and calculate the percentage change in mass for each cylinder.
When you plot your results on a graph, you'll see a clear pattern. Potatoes in distilled water gain mass (water moves in), while those in strong sugar solutions lose mass (water moves out). The point where there's no change shows you the equilibrium concentration.
Pro Tip: Always remove the potato skin first, as it can interfere with osmosis and affect your results.
Learning to grow bacteria safely is essential for understanding how antibiotics work and practicing aseptic technique. This experiment teaches you professional lab skills while investigating antimicrobial effectiveness.
You'll sterilise everything - petri dishes, agar, and your inoculating loop - then carefully transfer bacteria onto the agar surface. After placing antibiotic discs on the agar, you'll incubate the plates upside down at 25°C to prevent contamination and condensation.
The zone of inhibition (clear area around antibiotic discs where bacteria can't grow) shows you which antibiotics work best. You can calculate the area using πr² to compare effectiveness quantitatively.
Safety Note: Always incubate at 25°C rather than body temperature to avoid growing harmful bacteria that could make you ill.
Mastering the light microscope is your gateway to exploring the cellular world. This fundamental skill will serve you throughout your biology studies and beyond.
Always start with the lowest power objective lens (×4) and position it close to the slide using the coarse focusing dial. The key safety tip is watching from the side while lowering the lens to avoid damaging your slide.
Once you're looking through the eyepiece, slowly raise the stage until your specimen comes into focus, then use the fine focusing dial for crystal-clear detail. Remember that total magnification equals eyepiece magnification (usually ×10) multiplied by the objective lens power.
Remember: The stage moves up and down, not the lenses - this prevents you from accidentally crushing your specimens.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Maria Matusiak
@mariamatusiak_ywcn
These six required practicals are essential experiments you'll need to master for your biology exams. Each one teaches you key techniques for investigating photosynthesis, enzymes, food composition, osmosis, microbiology, and microscopy.
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Ever wondered how you can actually measure photosynthesis happening in real time? This experiment lets you count oxygen bubbles as plants produce them during photosynthesis.
You'll place pondweed in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (which releases CO₂ for the plant) and position it at different distances from an LED light. As you move the light further away, you'll see fewer oxygen bubbles being produced. This demonstrates how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis.
The inverse square law is crucial here - when you double the distance from the light source, the number of bubbles falls by four times. If counting bubbles gets too fast or sizes vary too much, you can measure the actual volume of oxygen produced instead using a gas syringe for more accurate results.
Quick Tip: Always use LED lights rather than normal bulbs because they don't produce heat, which would affect your results.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This experiment shows you exactly how pH levels can make or break enzyme activity. You'll be testing how well the enzyme amylase breaks down starch at different pH values.
The method involves mixing starch solution, amylase enzyme, and different pH buffer solutions in test tubes. After combining them in a water bath at 35°C, you'll test drops of the mixture with iodine every 30 seconds. When starch is present, iodine turns blue-black, but when the amylase has broken it all down, the iodine stays orange.
You'll repeat this process using buffers at pH 6, 7, and 8 to see which pH allows amylase to work fastest. The main challenge is that colour changes can be gradual, making it tricky to pinpoint exactly when all the starch has been broken down.
Remember: Each enzyme has an optimal pH where it works best - this experiment helps you discover amylase's preferred conditions.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
These food tests are your toolkit for detecting what's actually in different foods. You'll learn four essential tests that can identify the main biological molecules in any food sample.
Start by grinding your food sample into a paste, then filter it to remove solid particles. For starch, add iodine solution - it'll turn from orange to blue-black if starch is present. The Benedict's test for reducing sugars like glucose involves heating with Benedict's solution, which changes from blue to brick-red.
Protein testing uses biuret solution that shifts from blue to purple when proteins are detected. For lipids (fats), you'll skip the filtering step and add ethanol, then water - a white cloudy emulsion forms if fats are present.
Safety First: Always wear safety goggles during these tests, especially when heating Benedict's solution.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This practical lets you see osmosis in action using potato cylinders and different sugar solutions. You'll discover how water moves across cell membranes and affects plant tissue.
Cut identical potato cylinders using a cork borer, then measure their length and mass before placing them in different molar concentrations of sugar solution overnight. After removing surface moisture, re-measure and calculate the percentage change in mass for each cylinder.
When you plot your results on a graph, you'll see a clear pattern. Potatoes in distilled water gain mass (water moves in), while those in strong sugar solutions lose mass (water moves out). The point where there's no change shows you the equilibrium concentration.
Pro Tip: Always remove the potato skin first, as it can interfere with osmosis and affect your results.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Learning to grow bacteria safely is essential for understanding how antibiotics work and practicing aseptic technique. This experiment teaches you professional lab skills while investigating antimicrobial effectiveness.
You'll sterilise everything - petri dishes, agar, and your inoculating loop - then carefully transfer bacteria onto the agar surface. After placing antibiotic discs on the agar, you'll incubate the plates upside down at 25°C to prevent contamination and condensation.
The zone of inhibition (clear area around antibiotic discs where bacteria can't grow) shows you which antibiotics work best. You can calculate the area using πr² to compare effectiveness quantitatively.
Safety Note: Always incubate at 25°C rather than body temperature to avoid growing harmful bacteria that could make you ill.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Mastering the light microscope is your gateway to exploring the cellular world. This fundamental skill will serve you throughout your biology studies and beyond.
Always start with the lowest power objective lens (×4) and position it close to the slide using the coarse focusing dial. The key safety tip is watching from the side while lowering the lens to avoid damaging your slide.
Once you're looking through the eyepiece, slowly raise the stage until your specimen comes into focus, then use the fine focusing dial for crystal-clear detail. Remember that total magnification equals eyepiece magnification (usually ×10) multiplied by the objective lens power.
Remember: The stage moves up and down, not the lenses - this prevents you from accidentally crushing your specimens.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore essential practical investigations in Biology, including enzyme activity, osmosis in plant tissues, and microscopy techniques. This resource covers the equipment, procedures, and expected results for experiments on amylase, potato osmosis, and cellular structures. Ideal for AQA GCSE students preparing for Paper 1.
BiologyExplore key exam questions and concepts related to cell structure, including human and plant cells, cellular processes, and the roles of organelles like ribosomes and mitochondria. This summary covers essential topics for understanding cellular organization and function, ideal for exam preparation.
BiologyExplore key concepts in osmosis, binary fission, and microscopy with this detailed summary. Understand how water movement affects cells, the process of bacterial population growth, and essential food tests for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Ideal for GCSE AQA Science students.
BiologyExplore key concepts in National 5 Biology Unit 1, including cell structure, enzyme function, genetic engineering, and transport mechanisms. This summary covers essential topics such as osmosis, DNA structure, and the role of enzymes in digestion, providing a comprehensive resource for exam preparation.
BiologyExplore essential practical techniques for AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1, including microscopy, osmosis experiments, and biochemical tests. This summary covers step-by-step procedures, key concepts like concentration gradients, and the effects of pH on enzyme activity. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding core practical skills.
BiologyExplore the osmosis process through a hands-on potato experiment. This practical guide details the steps to investigate how different sucrose concentrations affect potato mass, including calculations for percentage change. Ideal for GCSE Biology students and anyone studying diffusion, osmosis, and tonicity concepts.
BiologyQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
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