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Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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13/05/2023
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ONA DNA is made up of neucleotide 1) DNA strands are polymers made up of repeating units called nucleotides. 2) Each nucleotide consists of one sugar molecule & one. phosphate molecule and one base? 3) The sugar 8 the phosphate molecules in the nucleotide form a sugar phosphate backbone' to the DNA Strands. The sugar & phosphate molecules. alternate. phosphate 4) One of the 4 buses joins to each sugar. The basses are: A (adenine), I (thymine), C (cytosine) and f (guanine).. nucleotide 5) A DNA molecule has two strands coiled together in the Shape of a double helix. 6) Each base links to a base on the opposite strand of the helix. 7) 'A' always pairs with 'T'. 'C? always pairs with "G? This is called complimentary base •pairing. 8) The complementary base pairs are joined together by Part of DNA strand · sugar phosphate backbone ·Sugar base Practical: Mash some strawberries and then put them in a beaker containing a solution of detergent & salt. Mix well. Part of the DNA double helix a base on one strand is joined to a base on the other strand. weak hydrogen bonds.. DNA is stored as Chromosomes and contains genes. Complimentary base pairs. 1) Chromosomes are long, coiled up molecules of DNA. They're found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. is a section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a 2) A gene particular protien. The sequence of...
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bases in the gene determines what protien is produced. 3) All of an organism's DNA makes up its genome.. You need to know how to extract DNA from fruit cells G + detergent. + Salt Lo the detergent will break down the cell membranes to release the DNA. to the salt will make the DNA stick toge ther. 2) Filter the mixture to get the froth and big insoluble bits of cell out.. 3) Gently add some ice-cold ethanol to the filtered mixture. 4) The DNA will start to come out of one solution as it's not soluble in cold ethanol. It will appear as a stringy precipitate (a solid) that can be carefully fished out with. a glass. rod. white. falcohol