Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
Show all topics
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
Biology
6 Dec 2025
224
3 pages
Leia ๐ซง @aleyahafsa
A comprehensive guide to how insulin regulates blood glucose levelsand diabetes management, exploring the intricate balance of... Show more
The relationship between insulin and glucagon creates a sophisticated negative feedback system that maintains blood glucose homeostasis. This system responds dynamically to both high and low glucose levels.
Definition A negative feedback loop is a biological control system where the output reduces the initial stimulus.
The process works in two directions
Highlight This balanced system ensures blood glucose remains within healthy limits at all times.
Diabetes manifests in two distinct forms, both characterized by the inability to properly regulate blood glucose levels.
Definition Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin, typically appearing in younger individuals.
Definition Type 2 diabetes develops when cells become resistant to insulin's effects, commonly occurring in older adults with poor dietary habits.
Treatment strategies vary by type
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Highlight Proper management of both types requires careful attention to diet, exercise, and medical treatment protocols.
The body maintains precise control over blood glucose levels to ensure cells have adequate energy for respiration while preventing tissue damage from excessive glucose. When carbohydrates are consumed, they are broken down into glucose in the intestines and released into the bloodstream, triggering the pancreas to release insulin.
Definition Insulin is a hormone that signals cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream.
Example When blood glucose rises after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, insulin prompts liver and muscle cells to store excess glucose as glycogen.
Vocabulary Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in liver and muscle cells.
During periods of low blood glucose, the pancreas releases glucagon, which signals liver cells to break down stored glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels.
Highlight The pancreas acts as a glucose sensor, releasing either insulin or glucagon as needed to maintain optimal blood glucose levels.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
5
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: โ 50+ Practice Questions โ Interactive Flashcards โ Full Mock Exam โ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of homeostasis, hormonal control, and the menstrual cycle in this comprehensive study resource. Understand the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems, blood glucose regulation, and various contraception methods. Ideal for GCSE Combined Science students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore the essential processes of homeostasis, including the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems in maintaining a stable internal environment. This summary covers key concepts such as feedback mechanisms and automatic control systems, providing a clear understanding of how the body responds to internal and external changes. Ideal for students studying biology.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of homeostasis and response in AQA Biology, including the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems, kidney function, hormonal control, and plant responses. This summary covers essential topics such as thermoregulation, negative feedback mechanisms, and the anatomy of the brain and eye. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological processes.
BiologyExplore the intricate mechanisms of homeostasis and hormonal regulation in AQA Biology GCSE. This comprehensive study note covers plant and human hormones, feedback systems, the nervous system, and key processes like the menstrual cycle and blood glucose regulation. Ideal for students preparing for their exams, this resource provides clear explanations and essential concepts for mastering Topic 5.
BiologyExplore key concepts in homeostasis and hormonal regulation, including the nervous and endocrine systems, hormonal contraception, diabetes management, IVF, and the menstrual cycle. This comprehensive summary is essential for AQA Combined Science Higher Biology, covering vital topics like negative feedback mechanisms and fertility treatments.
BiologyExplore the mechanisms of blood glucose regulation, focusing on the roles of insulin and glucagon produced by the pancreas. This summary covers how these hormones maintain normal blood sugar levels, the processes involved in storing and releasing glucose, and their significance in conditions like diabetes. Ideal for students studying human hormones and hormonal control.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Leia ๐ซง
@aleyahafsa
A comprehensive guide to how insulin regulates blood glucose levels and diabetes management, exploring the intricate balance of hormones and their role in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The relationship between insulin and glucagon creates a sophisticated negative feedback system that maintains blood glucose homeostasis. This system responds dynamically to both high and low glucose levels.
Definition: A negative feedback loop is a biological control system where the output reduces the initial stimulus.
The process works in two directions:
Highlight: This balanced system ensures blood glucose remains within healthy limits at all times.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Diabetes manifests in two distinct forms, both characterized by the inability to properly regulate blood glucose levels.
Definition: Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin, typically appearing in younger individuals.
Definition: Type 2 diabetes develops when cells become resistant to insulin's effects, commonly occurring in older adults with poor dietary habits.
Treatment strategies vary by type:
Type 1 Diabetes:
Type 2 Diabetes:
Highlight: Proper management of both types requires careful attention to diet, exercise, and medical treatment protocols.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The body maintains precise control over blood glucose levels to ensure cells have adequate energy for respiration while preventing tissue damage from excessive glucose. When carbohydrates are consumed, they are broken down into glucose in the intestines and released into the bloodstream, triggering the pancreas to release insulin.
Definition: Insulin is a hormone that signals cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream.
Example: When blood glucose rises after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, insulin prompts liver and muscle cells to store excess glucose as glycogen.
Vocabulary: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in liver and muscle cells.
During periods of low blood glucose, the pancreas releases glucagon, which signals liver cells to break down stored glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels.
Highlight: The pancreas acts as a glucose sensor, releasing either insulin or glucagon as needed to maintain optimal blood glucose levels.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
5
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: โ 50+ Practice Questions โ Interactive Flashcards โ Full Mock Exam โ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of homeostasis, hormonal control, and the menstrual cycle in this comprehensive study resource. Understand the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems, blood glucose regulation, and various contraception methods. Ideal for GCSE Combined Science students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore the essential processes of homeostasis, including the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems in maintaining a stable internal environment. This summary covers key concepts such as feedback mechanisms and automatic control systems, providing a clear understanding of how the body responds to internal and external changes. Ideal for students studying biology.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of homeostasis and response in AQA Biology, including the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems, kidney function, hormonal control, and plant responses. This summary covers essential topics such as thermoregulation, negative feedback mechanisms, and the anatomy of the brain and eye. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological processes.
BiologyExplore the intricate mechanisms of homeostasis and hormonal regulation in AQA Biology GCSE. This comprehensive study note covers plant and human hormones, feedback systems, the nervous system, and key processes like the menstrual cycle and blood glucose regulation. Ideal for students preparing for their exams, this resource provides clear explanations and essential concepts for mastering Topic 5.
BiologyExplore key concepts in homeostasis and hormonal regulation, including the nervous and endocrine systems, hormonal contraception, diabetes management, IVF, and the menstrual cycle. This comprehensive summary is essential for AQA Combined Science Higher Biology, covering vital topics like negative feedback mechanisms and fertility treatments.
BiologyExplore the mechanisms of blood glucose regulation, focusing on the roles of insulin and glucagon produced by the pancreas. This summary covers how these hormones maintain normal blood sugar levels, the processes involved in storing and releasing glucose, and their significance in conditions like diabetes. Ideal for students studying human hormones and hormonal control.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
