Combined sci trilogy higher bio p1

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Place each piece of potato in a different concentration of sugar solution. 4. After 24 hours remove the pieces of potato from the solutions. 5. Record the final mass of each piece of potato. 6. Calculate the change in mass for each piece of potato. 1 What is the independent variable? Tick (✓) one box. Change in mass of the pieces of potato Concentration of the sugar solution Length of time the pieces of potato are in the solution Starting mass of the pieces of potato Question 1 continues on the next page [1 mark] Turn over ► IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 0 1 04 2 Table 1 shows the results. Concentration of sugar solution in mol/dm³ 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 7.94 Mass of potato at start in grams 7.95 7.96 4 7.93 7.93 7.95 Table 1 Mass of potato after 24 hours in grams 10.14 9.10 8.21 7.53 7.18 7.00 Change in mass in grams Explain why the potato in 0.0 mol/dm³ sugar solution increased in mass. 1 2.20 1.15 0.25 -0.40 -0.75 -0.95 [2 marks] from increases the 1 Because it has absorbed water. the solution which -mass water cutside greater uеn usicle nen polato IB/M/Jun20/8484/B/H 01 01 3 Complete Figure 1. 05 Some of the results have been plotted for you. You should: plot the data from Table 1 • draw a line of best fit through all the points. 3 Change in mass 1. in grams 2 0 7 0.1 5 0.2 Figure 1 0.3 0.4 4 The mass of a piece of potato does not change when: 10.5 RICERIDAL 2000 C10 Concentration = Concentration of sugar solution in mol/dm³ concentration of solution inside cells concentration of solution outside cells Determine the concentration of sugar solution inside the potato cells. Use Figure 1. Z [2 marks] 24 0.23√ [1 mark] mol/dm³ Turn over Do not write outside the bax 13/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H 01 5 06 Table 1 is repeated below. Concentration of sugar solution in mol/dm³ 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Use the equation: 7.94 7.95 7.96 0.25 7.96 6 Mass of potato at start in grams 7.93 7.93 7.95 Table 1 percentage change in mass= Give your answer to 3 significant figures. Mass of potato after 24 hours in grams 10.14 9.10 8.21 7.53 7.18 7.00 change in mass mass of potato at start X100 = 3.140703518 = 3.14 Calculate the percentage change in mass for the potato in 0.2 mol/dm³ sugar solution. Use Table 1. Percentage change in mass (3 significant figures) = Change in mass in grams 3.14 2.20 1.15 x 100 0.25 -0.40 -0.75 -0.95 [3 marks] % IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H | 101 02 02.1 02.2 07 Starch is digested to form sugar molecules in the digestive system. What is the name of the enzyme that digests starch? a carbohydrase/amglase Where are most food molecules absorbed? Tick (✓) one box. Large intestine Liver 7 Small intestine Stomach $ 1/ Question 2 continues on the next page ✓ [1 mark] [1 mark] Turn over IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 8 MALIN 08 Figure 2 shows two villi. Figure 2 also shows one cell on the surface of a villus as seen using an electron microscope. Figure 2 -X pertinima Microvilli Mitochondria 02.3 Give one advantage of using an electron microscope compared with using a light microscope. Higher resolutica [1 mark] 02 02 09 4 5 What type of blood vessel is labelled X? Tick (✓) one box. Artery Capillary Vein ✓ ✓ 9 The real length of one villus is 0.8 mm Calculate the image length if the villus is viewed at a magnification of x20 Use the equation: magnification = 20 size of image 0.8 20 X 0.8 = 16 ippy size of image size of real object Image length = 16 Question 2 continues on the next page 23894 ✓ soi 20/0.5 [1 mark] 3 [3 marks] mm Turn over ► IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 02 02 8 1 0 Figure 3 shows two cells from the surface of a villus. There are sugar molecules inside and next to each cell. Figure 3 Cell A mumm 0 2.6 Name the process by which sugar moves into cell A. J TU diffusion Cell B Give one use of sugar in the body. mum 7 Name the process by which sugar moves into cell B. active transport J Key • Sugar molecule [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark] to increase blood sugar when it's too Low x respiration IR/M/Jun20/9464/B/1h 02 1 1 9 Figure 2 is repeated below. OCOOOOO 11 Figure 2 -X Microvilli Mitochondria generay Explain how villi are adapted for efficient absorption of sugar molecules. Many micro-vul [4 marks] Villi have large surface are a to make the rall of diffusion nignorv • Lots of mitochondria for energy so respiration can occur at a faster raw • Thin ways so diffusion can occiv efficiently and fast v • rich blood supply to maintain The concentration gradient ✓ Turn over ► B/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 14 03 03 1 03 12 Being overweight can affect the health and life expectancy of a person. Give one disease related to being overweight. cliaberes ✓ In energ 2 Body mass index (BMI) helps to show if a person has a healthy body mass for their height. BMI is calculated using the equation: Mellore weights at LE COSE ANGEL A woman has a BMI of 27 and a body mass of 68.1 kg Calculate the woman's height in metres. 27= 68,81 6/8.18 12 BMI = √27=5.196 AS 68.1 (height in m)² =183087 M 211838.7- 412.8800653m 5.196 68.1 27 body mass in kg (height in m)2 ss than Height = 13.10585111 = 1.59 [1 mark] [3 marks] m IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/H 0 3 3 Figure 4 shows a height-body mass chart for adults. Figure 4 Height in m Underweight 2.0 Overweight Obese 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 Healthy weight Underweight 40 50 60 13 70 Which weight category describes the woman in Question 03.2? Tick (✓) one box. Healthy Over- weight weight 80 Obese 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Body mass in kg [1 mark] Turn over ► an20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 03 4 14 People are encouraged to control their body mass with diet and exercise. Describe how the balance between the mass of food eaten and the amount of exercise a person does controls body mass. Eating mass ✓ 14 [3 marks] higher body and arent balanced" more will result in •If energy in (calcries) energy used Junused 1 the spare calenes will turn into fat stores making you gan weights If energy input and energy output are the same bedy mass will stay the same Ir energy input is less than energy cuput weight loss = 03 15 5 15 cxygen During long periods of vigorous exercise the body respires anaerobically, → without OT Do not write outside the mass sive all wateriess box Explain the changes that happen in the body during and after vigorous exercise. musclesceniract alor • fast breathing, bloodriow16 marks achie rast respiration ne a pure more resting rate SON acid ouring • When exercising you will require more oxygen making you breathe harder to deliver more O₂ to the muscles so they can respre make Jousing onegyr • This makes the heart work harcler: higher pressure to send cxygenated blood around the body vo • a insufficient crugen In anaerobic respiration you will procluce lactic acid, from ouche crugen the ut which is poisoncus to the body as it makes oxygendebt ✓ After • After exercises you will breathe harder to repay the or debt, lack caric + oxygen → CO₂ "H₂O This is why resting rate depends on the person as it takes different people. different amount of time due to factors like age vo Turn over for the next question Turn over ► IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H 14 04 04 04 1 16 16 Cells are the basic units of all forms of life. Describe four differences between a bacterial cell and a plant cell. 1 Backend cells are prokaryotic and plani cells are eukaryotic cells ✓ 2 Bacteria cells have no nucleus and instead a single cell Loop plant cells of 3 3 prokaryotic (bacteria) have cell walls -plant cells dent ✓ 4 Bacteria cells don't store genetic material in nuclew, plants co 2 Gonorrhoea is a bacterial disease.Xan A new vaccine is being developed against gonorrhoea. Describe how a vaccine would work to prevent gonorrhoea. •The vaccine Ovaccine contains dead/inactive palhegens whe's attack and create antibodie [4 marks] 8 PRAARHADERS memery of antibodies remain & if pathoger enter, quick reacties creation of antipedia + [4 marks] IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H tra 04 04 04 17 3 4 5 17 Another disease caused by bacteria is salmonella food poisoning. In the UK, chickens are vaccinated against Salmonella bacteria to reduce the number of cases of food poisoning in humans. O CODUR zon Explain how vaccinating chickens reduces the number of cases of salmonella food poisoning. [2 marks] The Chicken went contract the virus SO humans wousion! ger salmonella prom eating it if its cocked right Give one way that the spread of salmonella food poisoning from one human to another is controlled. Do not refer to vaccination in your answer. [1 mark] 7 cleaning surfaces after contamination The number of cases of salmonella food poisoning is usually higher in summer than in winter. Suggest one reason why. bacteria [1 mark] thrives in not temp Turn over ► IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 12 05 05 0 18 1 2 This question is about photosynthesis and food production. How can oxygen production be used to show the rate of photosynthesis? Using gas syringe x Rate of oxygen production in arbitrary units Scientists investigated factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis in tomato plants. The tomato plants were growing in a commercial greenhouse in the UK during winter. Figure 5 shows the results. 30- 25- 20- 15- 10 5 0- -5- 18 0 10 000 Figure 5 20 000 30000 Light intensity in lux 40 000 The percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere is 0.04% Name the factor that is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point X. Not enough/less CC₂ [1 mark] light 30 °C 0.1% CO₂ 20 °C 0.1% CO₂ 25 °C 0.04% CO₂ [1 mark] 13/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H 05.3 05.4 05 19 19 Farmers growing tomatoes commercially try to control the rate of photosynthesis and make maximum profit. A farmer can control the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in a greenhouse. What is the minimum light intensity a farmer should use to get the maximum rate of photosynthesis shown in Figure 5? [1 mark] lux it make Light intensity = 20.000 The light intensity you gave in Question 05.3 may not give the farmer maximum profit. Explain why. Because they tomatoes in profit. [3 marks] may cast more than from the 5 Explain the results when the light intensity was 0 lux. Use Figure 5. [4 marks] and 250 degrees no light - nc protoscyathosin there's Turn over ► IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 10 06 Clinical trials 06 20 New drugs are tested and trialled before they can be licensed to treat patients. Figure 6 shows how much time the different stages of testing took for one new drug. Figure 6 Preclinical testing Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Review and approve 3 years 3.5 y 5 years 5 years 20 0 1 2 3 1 How much more time did the clinical trials take compared with the preclinical testing? [1 mark] Tick (✓) one box. 10-3.5 = 6.5 6.5-3.5 6.5 years 4 5 6 7 8 Time in years 9 10 11 12 18/M/Jun20/8464/B/H TELANGAN Ma 06 21 06. 2 Suggest one reason why low doses of the drug are used in Phase 1 clinical trials. [1 mark] 21 4 8 During Phase 1 clinical trials low doses of the drug are tested on healthy volunteers. 06.3 Suggest two reasons why healthy volunteers are used in Phase 1 clinical trials. [2 marks] 1 So theres no external factors that will interfere with the result like weight 2 In case they're on other medication that cannot be used in conjuction with the drug in case there's a bad reaction side effects ✓ The results of clinical trials can only be published after peer review by other scientists. Suggest one reason why the results must be reviewed by other scientists. to make sure it's ✓ a fair test Question 6 continues on the next page [1 mark] Turn over ► IB/M/Jun20/8464/B/1H Do not write outside the box 06 5 A drug is only licensed for the medical conditions it was tested to treat in the clinical trials. 22 22 Drug regulations: • control what drugs a doctor can prescribe • ensure doctors can prescribe a drug with confidence • protect patients. AMD is an eye condition that can result in very poor vision. Doctors treat approximately 40 000 new cases of AMD each year. Two drugs licensed to treat AMD in the UK are drug A and drug B. In many other countries drug C is used to treat AMD. Drug C is only licensed in the UK to treat cancer. The cost per injection for each drug is: • drug A £561 drug B £800 • drug C £28 cheapest, compare how many can be treated more can be treated-waiting list shorter The number of injections required to treat AMD is the same for each drug. ● IB/M/Jun20/6464/3/H outs 23 23 In 2018 the High Court in the UK gave permission for drug C to be used to treat AMD. Evaluate the decision to allow the use of drug C to treat AMD in the UK. END OF QUESTIONS [6 marks] IB/M/Jun20/8464/8/1H Do not writ outside the box 11