Definition: The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, containing genetic material and directing protein synthesis.

Highlight: Mitochondria are crucial organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.

Example: Plant cells contain unique structures such as chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a cell wall for structural support.

Vocabulary: Cell membrane - a selective barrier that controls substance movement in and out of the cell.

Definition: Prokaryotic cells are simpler, smaller organisms without a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex with a membrane-bound nucleus.

Highlight: DNA organization is a key differentiating factor - prokaryotic DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane, while eukaryotic DNA is contained within a nucleus.

Example: Bacterial cells represent prokaryotic organisms, while plant and animal cells are eukaryotic.

Vocabulary: Binary fission - the process by which prokaryotic cells divide, as opposed to mitosis in eukaryotic cells.