Sperm Cell Structure

The sperm cell exhibits remarkable adaptations for genetic transfer during sexual reproduction. Its streamlined design includes a head containing the nucleus and acrosome, along with a powerful tail for locomotion.

Definition: The acrosome contains digestive enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg cell.

Highlight: Multiple mitochondria are concentrated in the sperm cell to power its motile tail, enabling efficient movement toward the egg.

Nerve Cell Structure and Function

The nerve cell serves as a fundamental unit of the nervous system, facilitating rapid communication throughout the body through electrical impulses. The cell's structure includes dendrites, a cell body containing the nucleus, and an elongated axon wrapped in a myelin sheath with nodes of Ranvier.

Definition: The myelin sheath is an insulating layer that speeds up electrical impulse transmission along the axon.

Highlight: The axon can extend remarkable distances, reaching from the spine to the big toe, demonstrating the cell's specialized adaptation for long-distance communication.

Example: Multiple mitochondria provide the necessary energy for continuous signal transmission, while numerous connections to other nerve cells enable complex neural networks.