nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes  

what are the main parts of a animal cell? 

what does a plant cell have that animal cells dont? 

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, PLASMIDS, DNA, PILUS & FLAGELLUM. 

stem cells is an undifferentiated cell which can give rise to more cells & can differentiate to form other types of cells. 

meristem. it stops the plant from going extinct or to produce more better quality plants for farmers. 

what is the plant stem cells and what does it do? 

an embryo being produced with the same genes as the parent without being rejected. 

the donor has to be compatible with the patient as it can be rejected or the cells could attack the body. or, a virus can spread. 

what are the problems with therapeutic cloning? 

it can treat injuries and diseases in bone marrow. 

1. existing bone marrow has to be destroyed 2. recieves transplants 3. the stem cells divide, forming new bone marrow. 

some view stem cells as already being new life. 

what are some controversial views on transplants? 

it contains all the genetic material and everyone has 23 pairs (46 seperate). 

what is a chromosome and how many does a human have? 

1. cell grows 2. dna replaces 3. mitosis 4. cell membrane and cytoplasm divide

both chromosomes are pulled apart to each end of the cell and then the nucleus divides 

it is essential for growth & development of a multicellular organism and it is used for asexual reproduction 

it has enzymes on the head to break through the egg, it has a lot of mitochondria for energy to swim around, and it has a tail again to swim. 

what adaptations does a sperm cell have? 

they have lots of mitochondria for energy , and the cells can contract. 

what adaptations does a muscle cell have? 

what is the limits to a light microscope compared to a electron microscope? 

1. live cell placed in water/saline 2. stain cell 3. place cover slip 4. select low power lens 5. use higher power objective lens/ coarse adjustment 

what is the practical for using a microscope? 

total magnification = eyepiece x objective lens 

what is the equation for total magnification? 

magnification of image = size of image / size of cell

what is the equation for magnification of image? 

diffusion is the spreading out of particles from a area of high concentration to a area of low concentration. 

1. concentration gradient 2. temperature 3. surface area 

what are some factors that can affect diffusion? 

active transport moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient. 

 osmosis is the movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.

 1. Peel potatoes 2. three identical cylinders 3. measure length of a mess of each potato 4. place all into test tubes 10 cm³ of  0.5mol sugar solution each tube 5. leave potatoes, overnight 6. remove and dry potatoes 7. measure length of a mess of each of cylinders. 

percentage change = change in value / original value x 100

how do u calculate the percentage change of osmosis practical?

English (UK)

Flashcard

United Kingdom

fizzes

DEFAULT (England)

Biology

 cell bio - B1

Quotes + Analysis for characters in An Inspector Calls (Grade 8+)

Explore in-depth analysis and key quotes for characters in J.B. Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls'. This resource covers Gerald Croft, Inspector Goole, Sheila Birling, Mrs. Birling, Eric Birling, and Eva Smith, focusing on themes of class, gender roles, and social responsibility. Ideal for students aiming for Grade 8 and above.

An Inspector Calls: Character Insights

Mind map

Liv_767

English Literature

An Inspector Calls Characters

Revision maps for all 9 crime and deviance topics
I want to say thank you to everyone who's been so patient while i finished these notes- I got so many message asking if i had full topic notes for this unit so I'm glad to hear my work is helping people :)

Explore an extensive revision of crime and deviance topics, including theories, types of crime, and the impact of media. This resource covers key concepts such as Marxism, functionalism, gender and crime, and the influence of globalization on criminal behavior. Ideal for students seeking a thorough understanding of criminology and its various theories. Type: Full Topic Revision.

Comprehensive Crime & Deviance Overview

Saffron

Sociology

Crime & Deviance: full topic revision

Revision note

soph🐈‍⬛¿

Combined Science

aqa higher tier combined science -  biology b1 : cell biology, paper 1

A-Level Sociology: Education. So these notes have all the sociologists studies that are also part of methods in context, I just haven't covered research methods here :)

Explore comprehensive A-Level Sociology notes on the education system, covering key theories, policies, and sociological perspectives. This resource includes insights on marketisation, gender roles, cultural deprivation, and educational inequalities, providing a thorough understanding of how education shapes social stratification and individual achievement. Ideal for exam preparation and in-depth study.

Sociology of Education Overview

Education- full topic revision 

Everything you need to revise families for paper 2 :)

Dive into an extensive overview of family dynamics, perspectives, and patterns in sociology. This resource covers key concepts such as family diversity, gender roles, marriage, and the impact of social policies on family structures. Perfect for A-Level Sociology students preparing for Paper 2.

Sociology of Families: Comprehensive Revision

A-Level Sociology: Families and Households Full Topic Revision 

macbeth, lady macbeth and macbeth themes and context

Explore the complex themes of guilt and ambition in Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'. This analysis covers key characters, including Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, their moral dilemmas, and the tragic consequences of their ambition. Ideal for students studying character motivations, thematic elements, and the psychological impact of power. Includes insights on the natural order, manipulation, and the descent into madness.

Macbeth: Guilt and Ambition

ruru

Macbeth mind maps

Criminology unit 4 detailed revision note

Crystabel Owusu

Criminology

WJEC Unit 4 Criminology 

model answer for the unit 3 assessment in year 13

Explore the essential rules governing the use of evidence in criminal cases, including reliability, admissibility, and relevance. This summary covers key concepts such as the roles of personnel in investigations, the impact of witness testimonies, and the implications of plea bargaining. Ideal for Year 13 criminology students preparing for assessments.

Criminal Justice Evidence Rules

Essay

Wheezey

CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 3 MODEL ANSWERS

Key Romeo and Juliet themes and analysed quotes 

alicia

Romeo and Juliet: Key themes 

Macbeth quotes with positions in the play


Explore essential quotes from Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' that highlight key themes such as ambition, guilt, and deception. This analysis includes significant lines from characters like Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, along with their context in the play. Ideal for students studying character development and thematic elements in literature.

Key Quotes from Macbeth

Megan 🎧

English

Macbeth key qoutes

Explore essential AQA Biology topics including Photosynthesis, Respiration, Homeostasis, Genetics, and Ecology. This comprehensive knowledge organizer covers key concepts such as energy transfer, hormonal control, and genetic variation, providing a solid foundation for your studies. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological processes.

AQA Biology: Key Concepts

B€LA〄

Biology (all topics)

Comprehensive summary of AQA A-Level Biology Year 1, covering key topics such as cellular structure, protein synthesis, immune response, gas exchange, and more. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological concepts. Includes detailed insights into cellular processes, biological classification, and the circulatory system.

A-Level Biology Year 1 Overview

leah :)

AQA A-Level Biology Year 1 Notes

Comprehensive study notes covering key concepts in cellular biology, human digestion, respiration, photosynthesis, and the circulatory system. This resource includes detailed explanations of cell structures, enzyme functions, nutrient absorption, and the impact of environmental factors on biological processes. Ideal for students preparing for Biology Paper 1 exams.

Biology Paper 1 Overview

Lydia Taylor

Note

biology notes for paper 1

DEFAULT

Biology notes for paper 1

Comprehensive summary of key concepts in GCSE AQA Biology Paper 1, covering topics such as cell structure, photosynthesis, respiration, disease biology, antibiotic resistance, and transport systems. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.

GCSE Biology Paper 1 Overview

A* on the way

GCSE aqa biology paper 1

Notes for Biology paper 1 contains the full course for AQA higher combined!

Summary

- revision help -

Biology paper 1 Summary

doesnt include genetic fingerprinting coz i couldnt be bothered, but otherwise includes the entire year 2 spec 

Comprehensive study notes covering key concepts in AQA A-Level Biology Year 2, including neuronal communication, genetic modification, nutrient cycles, and hormonal control. This resource is designed to aid understanding of complex topics such as action potentials, photosynthesis, and speciation. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.

A-Level Biology Year 2 Overview

AQA A-Level Biology Notes Year 2 

AQA GCSE Biology - The heart and blood vessels revision.

Explore the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels in the circulatory system. This summary covers the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries, detailing how blood is transported throughout the body. Ideal for AQA GCSE Biology students preparing for exams.

Circulatory System Overview

Izzy !

AQA Biology Revision - The Heart

aqa biology inheritance, variation and evolution full topic notes 

Explore comprehensive notes on genetics, inheritance patterns, and evolution. This resource covers key concepts such as mutations, cloning, sexual and asexual reproduction, and the role of Gregor Mendel in genetics. Ideal for AQA Biology students seeking to understand genetic engineering, antibiotic resistance, and the fossil record.

Genetics and Evolution Insights

rose

inheritance, variation and evolution 

Explore the key hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, including FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Understand their roles in egg maturation, ovulation, and the maintenance of the uterine lining. This summary provides a clear overview of hormonal coordination in human reproduction, ideal for GCSE Biology students.

cell bio - B1

Flashcards

Carbon cycle

GCSE Biology AQA Triple Ecology

Food test

Biology Paper 1 Knowledge Recall

The Nitrogen Cycle - GCSE

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

cell bio - B1

Flashcards

Carbon cycle

GCSE Biology AQA Triple Ecology

Food test

Biology Paper 1 Knowledge Recall

The Nitrogen Cycle - GCSE

Exothermic and endothermic reactions