Subjects

Biology

Biological molecules

Carbohydrates

Types of polysaccharides

How Tiny Sugar Pieces Help Build Big Molecules in Animals

Name: Knowunity
Brand: Knowunity

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How Tiny Sugar Pieces Help Build Big Molecules in Animals

heamoglobin

@affinity

3 Followers

Role of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in biology forms the foundation of carbohydrate structure and function in living organisms. This comprehensive guide explores the formation, structure, and biological significance of various carbohydrates.

Condensation reaction in biological molecules joins monomers together, releasing water molecules
Monosaccharides serve as building blocks for complex carbohydrates
Different forms of glucose (alpha and beta) determine the structure and function of polysaccharides
Structure and function of glycogen in animals demonstrates specialized energy storage
Plant cells utilize starch and cellulose for energy storage and structural support respectively
Hydrolysis breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms for biological use

25/01/2023

225

BIOLOGICAL
MOLECULES
REVISION NOTES Biological molecules
Key points:
Condensation reaction-formation of chemical
bond between monomers, rele

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Basic Molecular Processes

This section explores the fundamental chemical reactions in biological systems and the relationship between monomers and their resulting polymers.

Vocabulary: Condensation reaction - A process where two molecules join together with the loss of water.

Vocabulary: Hydrolysis - The breaking of chemical bonds by the addition of water.

Example: Glucose molecules join together through condensation reactions to form larger carbohydrate molecules.

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Monosaccharides and Their Combinations

The page details the various forms of simple sugars and their combinations into more complex carbohydrates.

Definition: Monosaccharides are simple sugars that serve as the basic units of carbohydrates.

Example: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are common monosaccharides found in biological systems.

Highlight: The formation of glycosidic bonds through condensation reactions allows monosaccharides to form more complex carbohydrates.

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Starch Structure and Function

This section examines the composition and importance of starch in plant cells.

Definition: Starch is a plant storage polysaccharide composed of alpha glucose units.

Vocabulary: Amylose - Unbranched chains of alpha glucose molecules. Vocabulary: Amylopectin - Branched chains of alpha glucose molecules.

Highlight: The branched structure of amylopectin allows for rapid energy access through efficient enzyme action.

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Glycogen and Cellulose

The page explores the structural and functional differences between animal and plant polysaccharides.

Definition: Glycogen is the primary storage form of glucose in animal cells.

Highlight: The highly branched structure of glycogen enables quick energy release when needed.

Example: Cellulose microfibrils, formed by hydrogen bonding between beta glucose chains, provide structural support to plant cells.

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Structural Comparisons

This final section compares the different polysaccharides and their biological roles.

Highlight: The type of glucose (alpha or beta) and bonding pattern determines the final structure and function of the polysaccharide.

Example: While glycogen and starch serve as energy storage molecules, cellulose provides structural support.

Definition: Microfibrils are strong fibrous structures formed by multiple cellulose chains joined by hydrogen bonds.

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Introduction to Biological Molecules

The fundamental understanding of biological molecules begins with the relationship between monomers and polymers. This page introduces the core concepts of molecular biology.

Definition: Biological molecules are the building blocks of life, consisting of monomers that join together to form polymers.

Highlight: The formation and breakdown of biological molecules occur through condensation and hydrolysis reactions respectively.

Example: Amino acids join to form proteins, nucleotides form DNA, and monosaccharides form carbohydrates.

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Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

15 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Subjects

Biology

Biological molecules

Carbohydrates

Types of polysaccharides

How Tiny Sugar Pieces Help Build Big Molecules in Animals

heamoglobin

@affinity

3 Followers

Condensation reaction in biological molecules joins monomers together, releasing water molecules
Monosaccharides serve as building blocks for complex carbohydrates
Different forms of glucose (alpha and beta) determine the structure and function of polysaccharides
Structure and function of glycogen in animals demonstrates specialized energy storage
Plant cells utilize starch and cellulose for energy storage and structural support respectively
Hydrolysis breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms for biological use

25/01/2023

225

Biology

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Basic Molecular Processes

This section explores the fundamental chemical reactions in biological systems and the relationship between monomers and their resulting polymers.

Vocabulary: Condensation reaction - A process where two molecules join together with the loss of water.

Vocabulary: Hydrolysis - The breaking of chemical bonds by the addition of water.

Example: Glucose molecules join together through condensation reactions to form larger carbohydrate molecules.

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Monosaccharides and Their Combinations

The page details the various forms of simple sugars and their combinations into more complex carbohydrates.

Definition: Monosaccharides are simple sugars that serve as the basic units of carbohydrates.

Example: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are common monosaccharides found in biological systems.

Highlight: The formation of glycosidic bonds through condensation reactions allows monosaccharides to form more complex carbohydrates.

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Starch Structure and Function

This section examines the composition and importance of starch in plant cells.

Definition: Starch is a plant storage polysaccharide composed of alpha glucose units.

Vocabulary: Amylose - Unbranched chains of alpha glucose molecules. Vocabulary: Amylopectin - Branched chains of alpha glucose molecules.

Highlight: The branched structure of amylopectin allows for rapid energy access through efficient enzyme action.

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Glycogen and Cellulose

The page explores the structural and functional differences between animal and plant polysaccharides.

Definition: Glycogen is the primary storage form of glucose in animal cells.

Highlight: The highly branched structure of glycogen enables quick energy release when needed.

Example: Cellulose microfibrils, formed by hydrogen bonding between beta glucose chains, provide structural support to plant cells.

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Structural Comparisons

This final section compares the different polysaccharides and their biological roles.

Highlight: The type of glucose (alpha or beta) and bonding pattern determines the final structure and function of the polysaccharide.

Example: While glycogen and starch serve as energy storage molecules, cellulose provides structural support.

Definition: Microfibrils are strong fibrous structures formed by multiple cellulose chains joined by hydrogen bonds.

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Introduction to Biological Molecules

The fundamental understanding of biological molecules begins with the relationship between monomers and polymers. This page introduces the core concepts of molecular biology.

Definition: Biological molecules are the building blocks of life, consisting of monomers that join together to form polymers.

Highlight: The formation and breakdown of biological molecules occur through condensation and hydrolysis reactions respectively.

Example: Amino acids join to form proteins, nucleotides form DNA, and monosaccharides form carbohydrates.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average app rating

15 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

How Tiny Sugar Pieces Help Build Big Molecules in Animals

Basic Molecular Processes

Monosaccharides and Their Combinations

Starch Structure and Function

Glycogen and Cellulose

Structural Comparisons

Introduction to Biological Molecules

Similar content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

15 M

#1

950 K+

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

How Tiny Sugar Pieces Help Build Big Molecules in Animals

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Basic Molecular Processes

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Monosaccharides and Their Combinations

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Starch Structure and Function

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Glycogen and Cellulose

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Structural Comparisons

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Introduction to Biological Molecules

Similar content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

15 M

#1

950 K+

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.