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1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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Biology
27 Nov 2025
480
3 pages
Ecosystems are complex networks influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. These factors work together to shape... Show more
This section delves into specific examples of how both biotic and abiotic factors influence ecosystem dynamics. The introduction of new predators can dramatically alter existing population structures, while environmental conditions like light intensity affect the foundation of food chains through photosynthesis.
Vocabulary Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can significantly impact population sizes.
Example When light intensity decreases, plant photosynthesis rates decline, potentially reducing food availability for herbivores.
Highlight Competition between species can lead to extinction if population numbers fall below sustainable breeding levels.
The final section examines how specific abiotic factors influence ecosystem function and species survival. Soil conditions, atmospheric composition, and physical factors like wind all play crucial roles in determining species distribution and success.
Definition pH refers to the acidity or alkalinity of soil, which directly affects plant growth capability.
Example Dissolved oxygen levels in water bodies can decrease on hot days, potentially threatening aquatic life.
Highlight Carbon dioxide levels directly impact photosynthesis rates, while oxygen availability affects all aerobic organisms' survival.
This section explores the fundamental distinction between living and non-living environmental components that influence ecosystems. The factors are categorized into biotic (living) and abiotic elements that shape ecological communities.
Definition Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem, including food availability, predators, and pathogens.
Definition Abiotic factors are non-living environmental conditions such as light, temperature, water, and soil chemistry.
Example Food availability as a biotic factor directly impacts population sizes - when food becomes scarce, community numbers decline accordingly.
Highlight The relationship between food availability and population size demonstrates how biotic factors create direct cause-and-effect relationships in ecosystems.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: โ 50+ Practice Questions โ Interactive Flashcards โ Full Mock Exam โ Essay Outlines
Explore key concepts in ecology, including adaptations, food chains, biogeochemical cycles, and the roles of biotic and abiotic factors. This summary covers essential topics such as competition, interdependence, and decomposition processes, providing a comprehensive understanding for GCSE AQA students.
BiologyExplore key concepts in ecology, including food chains, biodiversity, and the impact of human activities on ecosystems. This comprehensive summary covers essential topics such as GMOs, climate change, and conservation strategies, providing a clear understanding of ecological principles and their relevance to environmental science. Ideal for AQA Biology Paper 2 preparation.
BiologyExplore key concepts in ecology, including biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and human impact on habitats. This summary covers essential topics such as competition, nutrient cycles, and conservation strategies, providing a comprehensive overview for AQA Biology students. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding ecological relationships.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationships within ecosystems through this detailed overview of trophic levels, energy transfer, and biodiversity. This summary highlights key concepts such as food chains, competition, and the impact of human activities on food security and environmental changes. Ideal for students studying ecology and environmental science.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationships within ecosystems, including food webs, niches, and competition. This summary covers key concepts such as biodiversity, abiotic and biotic factors, and the roles of producers and consumers. Ideal for biology students seeking to grasp the fundamentals of ecology.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationships within ecosystems, focusing on abiotic and biotic factors, symbiotic interactions like parasitism and mutualism, and the water cycle. This summary covers the impact of human activities on biodiversity, conservation efforts, and the importance of maintaining ecological balance. Ideal for GCSE Biology students.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Ecosystems are complex networks influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. These factors work together to shape the survival and distribution of species, from the impact of predation on prey populations to the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section delves into specific examples of how both biotic and abiotic factors influence ecosystem dynamics. The introduction of new predators can dramatically alter existing population structures, while environmental conditions like light intensity affect the foundation of food chains through photosynthesis.
Vocabulary: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can significantly impact population sizes.
Example: When light intensity decreases, plant photosynthesis rates decline, potentially reducing food availability for herbivores.
Highlight: Competition between species can lead to extinction if population numbers fall below sustainable breeding levels.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The final section examines how specific abiotic factors influence ecosystem function and species survival. Soil conditions, atmospheric composition, and physical factors like wind all play crucial roles in determining species distribution and success.
Definition: pH refers to the acidity or alkalinity of soil, which directly affects plant growth capability.
Example: Dissolved oxygen levels in water bodies can decrease on hot days, potentially threatening aquatic life.
Highlight: Carbon dioxide levels directly impact photosynthesis rates, while oxygen availability affects all aerobic organisms' survival.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section explores the fundamental distinction between living and non-living environmental components that influence ecosystems. The factors are categorized into biotic (living) and abiotic elements that shape ecological communities.
Definition: Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem, including food availability, predators, and pathogens.
Definition: Abiotic factors are non-living environmental conditions such as light, temperature, water, and soil chemistry.
Example: Food availability as a biotic factor directly impacts population sizes - when food becomes scarce, community numbers decline accordingly.
Highlight: The relationship between food availability and population size demonstrates how biotic factors create direct cause-and-effect relationships in ecosystems.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
13
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: โ 50+ Practice Questions โ Interactive Flashcards โ Full Mock Exam โ Essay Outlines
Explore key concepts in ecology, including adaptations, food chains, biogeochemical cycles, and the roles of biotic and abiotic factors. This summary covers essential topics such as competition, interdependence, and decomposition processes, providing a comprehensive understanding for GCSE AQA students.
BiologyExplore key concepts in ecology, including food chains, biodiversity, and the impact of human activities on ecosystems. This comprehensive summary covers essential topics such as GMOs, climate change, and conservation strategies, providing a clear understanding of ecological principles and their relevance to environmental science. Ideal for AQA Biology Paper 2 preparation.
BiologyExplore key concepts in ecology, including biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and human impact on habitats. This summary covers essential topics such as competition, nutrient cycles, and conservation strategies, providing a comprehensive overview for AQA Biology students. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding ecological relationships.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationships within ecosystems through this detailed overview of trophic levels, energy transfer, and biodiversity. This summary highlights key concepts such as food chains, competition, and the impact of human activities on food security and environmental changes. Ideal for students studying ecology and environmental science.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationships within ecosystems, including food webs, niches, and competition. This summary covers key concepts such as biodiversity, abiotic and biotic factors, and the roles of producers and consumers. Ideal for biology students seeking to grasp the fundamentals of ecology.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationships within ecosystems, focusing on abiotic and biotic factors, symbiotic interactions like parasitism and mutualism, and the water cycle. This summary covers the impact of human activities on biodiversity, conservation efforts, and the importance of maintaining ecological balance. Ideal for GCSE Biology students.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
