The 2 main fixes for coronary heart disease are stents and statins

What are the 2 main fixes for coronary heart disease? 

Physical ill-health can lead to depression and mental illness

The right ventricle is the thickest section of heart muscle because it needs to pump blood to the whole body rather than just one organ

Why is the right ventricle the thickest section of heart muscle? 

A non-communicable disease is a disease that cannot be passed on (lifestyle based) 

The test for proteins is Biuret solution 

Coronary heart disease reduces blood flow

What does coronary heart disease do to blood flow? 

Proteins are broken down into amino acids 

Lipases are produced in the small intestine and pancreas 

The limiting factors of photosynthesis are temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and the quantity of chlorophyll

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis? 

To create new cells, mitochondria and ribosomes must first be increased 

To create new cells, what must first be increased? 

The advantages of stem cell use in plants include cloning of the plants quickly and cheaply 

What are the advantages of stem cell use in plants? 

In plants, stem cells can be used to save rare species (cloning) quickly and cheaply

What are the uses of stem cells in plants? 

Lipids/fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids (an acid will lower the pH which is how you will know fats have been broken down) 

Enzyme digestion occurs in the small intestine

The products of digestion are used for building new carbs, lipids, and proteins (for respiration - glucose) 

What are the products of digestion used for? 

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

The function of bile is to neutralise stomach acid and emulsifies fats 

The test for (reducing) sugars is Benedict's solution 

If sugars are present, the colour will change from blue to orange/red 

What is the colour change is sugars are present? 

The test for starch (carbs) is the Iodine test 

An artery is the blood vessel with strong, elastic walls 

Which blood vessel has strong, elastic walls? 

The risk factors of an increased risk of non-communicable diseases are having a poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, alcohol, and carcinogens

What are the risk factors of an increased risk of non-communicable diseases?

Cancer is an uncontrolled growth and division of cells

A benign tumour is a tumour which consists of abnormal cells in the membrane which does not invade other areas or spread 

Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction

What type of reaction is photosynthesis? 

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

What is the name of the artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? 

The process of cell division for growth and repair is mitosis 

What process of cell division is for growth and repair? 

The issues with stem cell use in humans include the transfer of viral infections and ethical/religious objections

What are the issues with stem cell use in humans? 

In therapeutic cloning, the embryo has the same genes as the patient

In therapeutic cloning, does the embryo have the same genes as the patient? 

Veins are the blood vessel that has valves 

The function of an enzyme is to break down large food molecules into smaller soluble molecules

The reduction of blood flow caused by coronary heart disease results in a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle 

Why is the reduction of blood flow due to coronary heart disease a problem? 

A malignant tumour is a tumour which is commonly known as cancer and invades and spreads to other parts of the body through blood 

The top two chambers of the heart are called the atria 

What are the top two chambers of the heart called? 

Capillaries are the blood vessel with a single cell wall for efficient diffusion

Which blood vessel has a single cell wall for efficient diffusion?

The symbol equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis? 

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell; this means they can turn into any other cells 

You can find and extract human stem cells from embryos and bone marrow 

Where can you extract/find human stem cells? 

In plants, stem cells are found in the meristem 

What part of the plant are stem cells found? 

In humans, stem cells can be used for treating paralysis and diabetes 

In humans, what can stem cells be used for? 

In therapeutic cloning, the embryo has the same genes as the patient so there is no rejection of the cells

Why does the embryo have the same genes as the patient in therapeutic cloning? 

The name of the theory that describes how enzymes work is the 'Lock and Key Theory' 

What is the name of the theory that describes how enzymes work? 

Carbohydrases are produced in the small intestine, pancreas, and salivary glands

Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars (amylase to starch)

What are carbohydrates broken down into? 

Proteases are produced in the small intestine, pancreas, and stomach

If starch (carbs) is present, the colour will change from brown/orange to black 

What is the colour change if starch (carbs) is present? 

If proteins are present, the colour will change from blue to purple 

What is the colour change if proteins are present? 

The bottom two chambers of the heart are called the ventricles

What are the bottom two chambers of the heart called? 

The role of the pacemaker cells in the heart is to control the natural resting heart rate

What is the role of the pacemaker cells in the heart? 

In the heart, the pacemaker cells can be found in the right atrium 

Where do you find the pacemaker cells in the heart? 

The left ventricle pumps blood to the heart

Which chamber of the heart (exact) pumps blood to the heart? 

Blood enters the heart from the rest of the body through the vena cava

Which vein does blood enter the heart from the rest of the body? 

The 4 components of blood are red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

4 substances transported by blood are carbon dioxide, urea, soluble products (digestion), and hormones 

What are 4 substances that are transported by blood? 

The word equation for photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen 

What is the word equation for photosynthesis? 

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Higher tier combined science flashcards about topics on Biology paper 1 

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Biology

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notes - the nature and variety of living organisms

Ecosystems Mindmap

The Nitrogen Cycle - GCSE

WJEC GCSE Biology Unit 1

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gcse biology carbon & nitrogen cycle