Mitosis and Stem Cells
This page provides an in-depth look at the process of mitosis and introduces the concept of stem cells.
Definition: Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces genetically identical cells, also known as clones.
The guide presents a step-by-step breakdown of mitosis, from DNA replication during interphase to the final cytokinesis stage:
- DNA replication during interphase
- Chromosome condensation and alignment
- Separation of sister chromatids
- Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells
Highlight: The end result of mitosis is two daughter cells that are genetically identical and diploid.
The role of spindle fibers in chromosome separation is explained, emphasizing their importance in ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material.
Vocabulary: Spindle fibers are special structures that pull chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell during mitosis.
The concept of stem cells is introduced, with a focus on their unique properties:
Definition: A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to many more cells of the same type and from which certain other specialized cells can arise through differentiation.
The guide touches on the development from gametes to zygote to embryo, introducing the term "blastocyst" and explaining the concept of totipotency.
Vocabulary: Totipotency refers to a cell's ability to differentiate into all specialized cell types.
This comprehensive overview of mitosis and stem cells provides students with a solid foundation for understanding cell division and differentiation in the context of GCSE Biology.
