Page 2: Membrane Transport and Permeability

This section details the transport mechanisms and factors affecting plasma membrane phospholipid bilayer function. The page includes practical applications through the beetroot membrane permeability experiment.

Example: The beetroot practical demonstrates how temperature affects membrane permeability by observing pigment leakage at different temperatures.

Definition: Transport proteins are specialized membrane components that facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane through either passive or active transport.

Key permeability factors include:

• Temperature effects on phospholipid movement
• pH influence on protein structure
• Solvent interactions with membrane components

Page 3: Experimental Investigation of Membrane Permeability

This page outlines the detailed methodology for the beetroot practical on membrane fluidity and analyzes experimental results and limitations.

Highlight: The experiment demonstrates that membrane permeability generally increases with temperature due to increased phospholipid movement and protein denaturation.

Quote: "If cells are kept at very low temperatures, their membranes can become damaged, making them highly permeable once the cells have thawed."

The experimental procedure includes:

• Precise sample preparation techniques
• Controlled temperature exposure
• Colorimetric analysis of pigment release
• Consideration of experimental variables and limitations

The results demonstrate a clear correlation between temperature and membrane permeability, supporting the fluid mosaic model concept.