Biodiversity, Classification and Evolution revision notes

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in captivity into their natural habitat as well as to restore loss of habitat. > Education Programmes ~ aim to educate people about the importance of maintaining biodiversity, captive breeding programmes, and the illegal trade of animals and animal products. . • Seed banks store a large number of seeds in order to conserve genetic diversity and prevent plant species from going extinct. Storing seeds instead of plants means that a larger variety of species can be conserved - it's also cheaper than storing plants as it's much more space effective. The seeds are stored in cool, dry conditions as this maximises the length of time that they can be stored for." • Biodiversity conservation requires international coorperation. These are historic and current agreements, including the conservation of International Trade in Endangered species (CITES), the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity (RBD) and the Countryside Stewardship Scheme (css) CLASSIFICATION Kingdom e.g. Animal Phylum Chordates. Class & Mammals ↓ Order Primates Family Hominids Genus Homo ✓ ↓ Species Homo Sapians > Classification is the process of naming and organising organisms into similar characteristics. There are 5 kingdoms (animalio, plante, fungi, prokaryotes + protoktists). They are then grouped further. Each species is named due to the binomial system (first-genus, second-species) > Analysis of molecular differences in different organisms to determine the extent of relation is known as molecular phyloney. This gave rise to taxonomic groupings (bacteria, eukaryotes and Archaea). Exam Tip ~ When remembering the order of Classification it might help to create an anogram. Whe: King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup. EVOLUTION. > Organisms are adapted to their environment. in 3 main ways: Anatomical adaptions ~ physical adaptions (e.g. change in loop of henie dependanton water availability. Behavioural adaptions ~ changes in behaviour (e-g mating calls). ↳ Physiological adaptions ~ changes to processes inside an organism's body that increase the chance of survival (eg blood flow regulation). NATURAL SELECTION H Natural selection is the process of which fitter individuals who are better adapted survive and so pass on their advantageous genes to their offspring. This increases the frequency of the best genes in the population. Evolution via natural selection: 1.A variety of phenotypes within a population. 2. Environmental change causes selection pressures to change 3. Individuals who posess advantageous genes live on. 4. Advantageous alleles are passed to offspring 5. Frequency of these alleles in a population increases If two populations become reproductively isolated, new species will be formed due to accumulation of different genetic information in populations over time due to different environments + selection pressures. >observations - Charles Darwin many other scientists have provided evidence for evolution. Darwin observed finches on the Is Galapagus. EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION >Fossils remains of extinct organisms and comparing them to those in the present. 2 >Molecular Biology-looking at similarities + differences between ONA sequences of different organisms >Comparative Anatomy-comparing the anatomy of organisms. ·Variation. • Each population shows natural variation in continuous or discontinuous ways Discontinuous- no intermediates. These are represented as barcharts $mostly controlled by one gene (e-geye colour) Continuous - characteristics that can take any value. Represented by histograms. Usually show a normal distribution. Controlled by multiple genes B influenced by the environment (eg. neight or weight).