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A Level Biology: Biodiversity, Classification & Evolution OCR Revision Notes and Exam Questions

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Niamh Cooke

26/03/2023

Biology

Biodiversity, Classification and Evolution revision notes

A Level Biology: Biodiversity, Classification & Evolution OCR Revision Notes and Exam Questions

Overall Summary

This document covers key concepts in A level biology biodiversity classification evolution OCR revision questions. It explores biodiversity, sampling methods, conservation strategies, classification systems, and evolutionary processes. The content is crucial for understanding ecological principles and preparing for OCR A Level Biology classification and evolution notes and exam questions.

  • Biodiversity measurement and importance
  • Sampling techniques in ecology
  • Conservation methods (in situ and ex situ)
  • Classification systems and taxonomy
  • Evolution through natural selection
  • Evidence supporting evolutionary theory
...

26/03/2023

2657

BIODIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY is the variety of living organisms.
Human impacts are now threatening the biodiversity
of some of our most delicat

View

Classification and Evolution

This section focuses on the principles of classification and the theory of evolution, key topics in OCR A Level Biology module 4 exam questions.

The document outlines the hierarchical classification system, from kingdom down to species level. It emphasizes the importance of the binomial naming system in taxonomy.

Definition: Classification is the process of naming and organizing organisms based on similar characteristics.

The text introduces the concept of molecular phylogeny, which has led to the modern three-domain system of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.

Highlight: Molecular phylogeny has revolutionized our understanding of evolutionary relationships between organisms, a crucial concept in OCR A Level Biology classification and evolution notes.

The document then delves into evolution, discussing three main types of adaptations:

  1. Anatomical adaptations: Physical changes
  2. Behavioral adaptations: Changes in behavior
  3. Physiological adaptations: Internal process modifications

Example: The varying length of the loop of Henle in mammalian kidneys based on water availability is an excellent example of anatomical adaptation studied in A level Biology.

Natural selection is explained as the process by which better-adapted individuals survive and pass on their advantageous genes. The document outlines the steps of evolution via natural selection:

  1. Variety of phenotypes in a population
  2. Environmental changes alter selection pressures
  3. Individuals with advantageous genes survive
  4. Advantageous alleles are passed to offspring
  5. Frequency of these alleles increases in the population

Quote: "If two populations become reproductively isolated, new species will be formed due to accumulation of different genetic information in populations over time due to different environments + selection pressures."

The document concludes by mentioning Charles Darwin's observations of finches on the Galapagos Islands as evidence for evolution, along with fossil records. This historical context is crucial for understanding the development of evolutionary theory in OCR a level Biology Communicable diseases exam questions.

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Biology

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26 Mar 2023

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A Level Biology: Biodiversity, Classification & Evolution OCR Revision Notes and Exam Questions

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Niamh Cooke

@niamhcooke_yelp

Overall Summary

This document covers key concepts in A level biology biodiversity classification evolution OCR revision questions. It explores biodiversity, sampling methods, conservation strategies, classification systems, and evolutionary processes. The content is crucial for understanding ecological principles and preparing... Show more

BIODIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY is the variety of living organisms.
Human impacts are now threatening the biodiversity
of some of our most delicat

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Classification and Evolution

This section focuses on the principles of classification and the theory of evolution, key topics in OCR A Level Biology module 4 exam questions.

The document outlines the hierarchical classification system, from kingdom down to species level. It emphasizes the importance of the binomial naming system in taxonomy.

Definition: Classification is the process of naming and organizing organisms based on similar characteristics.

The text introduces the concept of molecular phylogeny, which has led to the modern three-domain system of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.

Highlight: Molecular phylogeny has revolutionized our understanding of evolutionary relationships between organisms, a crucial concept in OCR A Level Biology classification and evolution notes.

The document then delves into evolution, discussing three main types of adaptations:

  1. Anatomical adaptations: Physical changes
  2. Behavioral adaptations: Changes in behavior
  3. Physiological adaptations: Internal process modifications

Example: The varying length of the loop of Henle in mammalian kidneys based on water availability is an excellent example of anatomical adaptation studied in A level Biology.

Natural selection is explained as the process by which better-adapted individuals survive and pass on their advantageous genes. The document outlines the steps of evolution via natural selection:

  1. Variety of phenotypes in a population
  2. Environmental changes alter selection pressures
  3. Individuals with advantageous genes survive
  4. Advantageous alleles are passed to offspring
  5. Frequency of these alleles increases in the population

Quote: "If two populations become reproductively isolated, new species will be formed due to accumulation of different genetic information in populations over time due to different environments + selection pressures."

The document concludes by mentioning Charles Darwin's observations of finches on the Galapagos Islands as evidence for evolution, along with fossil records. This historical context is crucial for understanding the development of evolutionary theory in OCR a level Biology Communicable diseases exam questions.

BIODIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY is the variety of living organisms.
Human impacts are now threatening the biodiversity
of some of our most delicat

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Biodiversity and Sampling Methods

This section delves into the concept of biodiversity and various sampling techniques used in ecological studies.

Definition: Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem or on Earth as a whole.

The document outlines several methods to measure biodiversity, including species richness, species evenness, genetic diversity, and the index of diversity. It then explores different sampling methods used in A Level Biology studies:

  1. Systematic Sampling: Follows a specific pattern, such as sampling every 5 meters.
  2. Opportunistic Sampling: Data is collected when a particular organism is encountered.
  3. Random Sampling: Provides a representative sample of the area under investigation.
  4. Stratified Sampling: Populations are divided into smaller groups stratastrata based on common characteristics.

Example: A transect line with quadrats placed at regular intervals is an example of systematic sampling in OCR A Level Biology PAG 3.1.

The importance of biodiversity is emphasized for ecological, economic, and aesthetic reasons.

Highlight: Maintaining biodiversity is crucial for ecological balance, economic benefits like ecotourism, and preserving natural landscapes.

The document then discusses conservation methods, including in situ and ex situ approaches. In situ methods involve protecting wildlife in their natural habitats, while ex situ methods include zoos, seed banks, and botanical gardens.

Vocabulary: In situ conservation refers to protecting species in their natural habitats, while ex situ conservation involves preserving species outside their native environments.

Zoos play a significant role in conservation through scientific research, captive breeding programs, reintroduction efforts, and education initiatives. Seed banks are highlighted as an efficient method for conserving plant genetic diversity.

Example: The Millennium Seed Bank Project is a prime example of ex situ conservation in A level Biology, storing seeds from a vast array of plant species to safeguard against extinction.

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Thomas R

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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

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Greenlight Bonnie

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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

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Xander S

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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

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