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World war two & the holocaust
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
The cold war
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
The fight for female suffrage
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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Marci
@marcelinaszymanska_nrvx
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AQA Combined Science Biology Paper 2 covers essential topics in inheritance, variation, and evolution. This comprehensive guide explores key concepts like mitosis, meiosis, DNA structure, and genetic inheritance patterns. Students will gain a deep understanding of chromosomes, alleles, and genetic disorders, preparing them for AQA Combined Science past papers and exams.
16/04/2023
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AQA Combined Science Biology Paper 2 focuses on inheritance, variation, and evolution, covering crucial topics for GCSE students:
This section explores the building blocks of genetic information and inheritance.
Genes are stretches of DNA that code for specific characteristics. The human genome contains around 20,000 genes and can be used to search for specific genes causing diseases or to understand and treat inherited disorders.
Definition: Alleles are different versions of genes. We inherit one allele from each parent, which can be either dominant or recessive.
Chromosomes are bundled-up DNA structures. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with the 23rd pair determining sex (XY for males, XX for females).
Vocabulary: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes of similar size and shape. Humans have 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
This section examines two specific genetic disorders and their inheritance patterns.
Polydactyly is an inherited condition causing extra digits. It is caused by a dominant allele.
Example: If one parent has the dominant allele for polydactyly (Dd) and the other parent does not (dd), there is a 50% chance of the child having polydactyly.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition affecting the lungs and pancreas. It is caused by a recessive allele.
Highlight: For a child to have cystic fibrosis, both parents must carry the recessive allele, and the child must inherit both recessive alleles.
Example: If both parents are carriers (Ff), there is a 25% chance of their child having cystic fibrosis.
This section delves into the fundamental processes of cell division and genetic material.
Definition: Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair in diploid cells.
Definition: Meiosis is the process of cell division resulting in four different daughter cells, used for sexual reproduction and producing haploid cells.
Vocabulary: Gametes are sex cells, such as sperm in males and eggs in females for humans, and pollen and eggs in plants.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a chemical polymer containing genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis. It is located in the nucleus, contained inside chromosomes, and has four bases. DNA codes for the order of amino acids, which form proteins.
Highlight: The order of amino acids controls the shape of proteins, which can function as hormones, enzymes, structural components, or pigments.
This final section introduces the concepts of evolution and natural selection.
Evolution is the change in inherited characteristics of a population over time. It occurs through mutations in DNA, which can be small and ignored or significant and copied.
Definition: Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to offspring.
Highlight: Life on Earth began as simple organisms more than 3 billion years ago, and all current life forms have evolved from these simple organisms through the process of natural selection.
This comprehensive guide to AQA Combined Science Biology Paper 2 provides students with a solid foundation in inheritance, variation, and evolution, preparing them for success in their GCSE Biology inheritance exam questions and future studies in biology.
This section covers the mechanisms of genetic inheritance and how to predict offspring characteristics.
Punnett squares are diagrams used to show all possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two parents.
Example: A Punnett square can be used to determine the probability of offspring inheriting certain traits, such as eye color or genetic disorders.
Definition: Dominant alleles only need one copy to express characteristics, while recessive alleles require two identical copies.
Key terms in genetic inheritance include:
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Marci
@marcelinaszymanska_nrvx
·
31 Followers
Follow
AQA Combined Science Biology Paper 2 covers essential topics in inheritance, variation, and evolution. This comprehensive guide explores key concepts like mitosis, meiosis, DNA structure, and genetic inheritance patterns. Students will gain a deep understanding of chromosomes, alleles, and genetic disorders, preparing them for AQA Combined Science past papers and exams.
AQA Combined Science Biology Paper 2 focuses on inheritance, variation, and evolution, covering crucial topics for GCSE students:
This section explores the building blocks of genetic information and inheritance.
Genes are stretches of DNA that code for specific characteristics. The human genome contains around 20,000 genes and can be used to search for specific genes causing diseases or to understand and treat inherited disorders.
Definition: Alleles are different versions of genes. We inherit one allele from each parent, which can be either dominant or recessive.
Chromosomes are bundled-up DNA structures. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with the 23rd pair determining sex (XY for males, XX for females).
Vocabulary: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes of similar size and shape. Humans have 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
This section examines two specific genetic disorders and their inheritance patterns.
Polydactyly is an inherited condition causing extra digits. It is caused by a dominant allele.
Example: If one parent has the dominant allele for polydactyly (Dd) and the other parent does not (dd), there is a 50% chance of the child having polydactyly.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition affecting the lungs and pancreas. It is caused by a recessive allele.
Highlight: For a child to have cystic fibrosis, both parents must carry the recessive allele, and the child must inherit both recessive alleles.
Example: If both parents are carriers (Ff), there is a 25% chance of their child having cystic fibrosis.
This section delves into the fundamental processes of cell division and genetic material.
Definition: Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair in diploid cells.
Definition: Meiosis is the process of cell division resulting in four different daughter cells, used for sexual reproduction and producing haploid cells.
Vocabulary: Gametes are sex cells, such as sperm in males and eggs in females for humans, and pollen and eggs in plants.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a chemical polymer containing genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis. It is located in the nucleus, contained inside chromosomes, and has four bases. DNA codes for the order of amino acids, which form proteins.
Highlight: The order of amino acids controls the shape of proteins, which can function as hormones, enzymes, structural components, or pigments.
This final section introduces the concepts of evolution and natural selection.
Evolution is the change in inherited characteristics of a population over time. It occurs through mutations in DNA, which can be small and ignored or significant and copied.
Definition: Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to offspring.
Highlight: Life on Earth began as simple organisms more than 3 billion years ago, and all current life forms have evolved from these simple organisms through the process of natural selection.
This comprehensive guide to AQA Combined Science Biology Paper 2 provides students with a solid foundation in inheritance, variation, and evolution, preparing them for success in their GCSE Biology inheritance exam questions and future studies in biology.
This section covers the mechanisms of genetic inheritance and how to predict offspring characteristics.
Punnett squares are diagrams used to show all possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two parents.
Example: A Punnett square can be used to determine the probability of offspring inheriting certain traits, such as eye color or genetic disorders.
Definition: Dominant alleles only need one copy to express characteristics, while recessive alleles require two identical copies.
Key terms in genetic inheritance include:
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Average app rating
Pupils love Knowunity
In education app charts in 12 countries
Students have uploaded notes
iOS User
Philip, iOS User
Lena, iOS user
