Subjects
Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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Biology
5 Dec 2025
155
2 pages
Simple study and revision notes ❤️ @studysimplegirl
Ever wondered how your body's cells are perfectly designed for their jobs? Just like how different tools are... Show more
Your body is absolutely incredible - most of your cells aren't just basic blobs, they're specialised for specific jobs! When scientists talk about cells becoming specialised, they call this process differentiation. It's basically how cells get their superpowers.
Sperm cells are perfect examples of specialisation in action. Their entire job is to reach and join with an ovum (egg cell) through a process called fertilisation. During this process, genetic information from both the sperm and egg combine to create new life.
Here's what makes sperm cells so brilliant at their job they've got a long tail for swimming and a streamlined shape to move quickly through fluid. They're absolutely packed with mitochondria - these are like tiny power stations that provide all the energy needed for their marathon swim to reach the egg.
Top Tip Remember that sperm cells only contain half the genetic information of normal adult cells - this is crucial for fertilisation to work properly!
The sperm's nucleus stores this genetic information, whilst special enzymes act like molecular scissors, helping the sperm digest through the outer layer of the ovum. Pretty amazing how every part has a purpose!
Nerve cells are your body's electrical messaging system - they send electrical impulses around your body faster than you can blink! The main part doing this job is the axon, which carries these electrical messages from one part of your body to another.
What's really clever is the myelin that wraps around axons like insulation around electrical wires. This speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses massively. At the end of each axon, you'll find synapses - these are special junctions that allow impulses to jump from one nerve cell to another.
Dendrites are like the cell's antennae, increasing the surface area so other nerve cells can connect more easily. Just like sperm cells, nerve cells are packed with mitochondria to power all this electrical activity.
Quick Fact Muscle cells are the body's ultimate movers and shakers - they can contract (get smaller) to create movement!
Muscle cells contain special protein fibres that can change their length. When a muscle cell contracts, these fibres shorten, making the whole cell smaller and creating the force needed for movement. Individual muscle cells work together to form muscle tissue, and they're absolutely stuffed with mitochondria to provide the massive amounts of energy needed for contraction.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the essential concepts of cellular structures, transport mechanisms, and enzyme functions in this comprehensive study note. Covering key topics such as osmosis, diffusion, active transport, and microscopy, this resource is designed for GCSE WJEC Biology students to enhance their understanding of cell organization and function. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.
BiologyExplore the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including cell structure, function, and specialization. This summary covers key topics such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specialized animal and plant cells, binary fission, and microscopy techniques. Ideal for students preparing for exams or seeking a comprehensive overview of cellular processes.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of specialised cells, including nerve, muscle, and plant cells, their structures, and functions. Understand the processes of mitosis, cell division, and the role of stem cells in growth and regeneration. This summary covers essential topics for GCSE AQA Biology Paper 1, including the circulatory system, blood components, and plant transport systems.
BiologyExplore the intricate structures and functions of animal, plant, and bacterial cells. This summary covers key components such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and specialized cells like sperm and muscle cells, highlighting their roles in cellular processes and differentiation.
Biologyuseful knowledge
BiologyExplore the intricate processes of digestion, including the roles of enzymes, adaptations of digestive organs, and mechanisms of nutrient transport. This summary covers key concepts such as peristalsis, enzyme functions, and the differences between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, providing a comprehensive overview for students studying human digestion.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Simple study and revision notes ❤️
@studysimplegirl
Ever wondered how your body's cells are perfectly designed for their jobs? Just like how different tools are made for specific tasks, animal cells have amazing adaptations that make them brilliant at what they do.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Your body is absolutely incredible - most of your cells aren't just basic blobs, they're specialised for specific jobs! When scientists talk about cells becoming specialised, they call this process differentiation. It's basically how cells get their superpowers.
Sperm cells are perfect examples of specialisation in action. Their entire job is to reach and join with an ovum (egg cell) through a process called fertilisation. During this process, genetic information from both the sperm and egg combine to create new life.
Here's what makes sperm cells so brilliant at their job: they've got a long tail for swimming and a streamlined shape to move quickly through fluid. They're absolutely packed with mitochondria - these are like tiny power stations that provide all the energy needed for their marathon swim to reach the egg.
Top Tip: Remember that sperm cells only contain half the genetic information of normal adult cells - this is crucial for fertilisation to work properly!
The sperm's nucleus stores this genetic information, whilst special enzymes act like molecular scissors, helping the sperm digest through the outer layer of the ovum. Pretty amazing how every part has a purpose!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Nerve cells are your body's electrical messaging system - they send electrical impulses around your body faster than you can blink! The main part doing this job is the axon, which carries these electrical messages from one part of your body to another.
What's really clever is the myelin that wraps around axons like insulation around electrical wires. This speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses massively. At the end of each axon, you'll find synapses - these are special junctions that allow impulses to jump from one nerve cell to another.
Dendrites are like the cell's antennae, increasing the surface area so other nerve cells can connect more easily. Just like sperm cells, nerve cells are packed with mitochondria to power all this electrical activity.
Quick Fact: Muscle cells are the body's ultimate movers and shakers - they can contract (get smaller) to create movement!
Muscle cells contain special protein fibres that can change their length. When a muscle cell contracts, these fibres shorten, making the whole cell smaller and creating the force needed for movement. Individual muscle cells work together to form muscle tissue, and they're absolutely stuffed with mitochondria to provide the massive amounts of energy needed for contraction.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the essential concepts of cellular structures, transport mechanisms, and enzyme functions in this comprehensive study note. Covering key topics such as osmosis, diffusion, active transport, and microscopy, this resource is designed for GCSE WJEC Biology students to enhance their understanding of cell organization and function. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.
BiologyExplore the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including cell structure, function, and specialization. This summary covers key topics such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specialized animal and plant cells, binary fission, and microscopy techniques. Ideal for students preparing for exams or seeking a comprehensive overview of cellular processes.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of specialised cells, including nerve, muscle, and plant cells, their structures, and functions. Understand the processes of mitosis, cell division, and the role of stem cells in growth and regeneration. This summary covers essential topics for GCSE AQA Biology Paper 1, including the circulatory system, blood components, and plant transport systems.
BiologyExplore the intricate structures and functions of animal, plant, and bacterial cells. This summary covers key components such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and specialized cells like sperm and muscle cells, highlighting their roles in cellular processes and differentiation.
Biologyuseful knowledge
BiologyExplore the intricate processes of digestion, including the roles of enzymes, adaptations of digestive organs, and mechanisms of nutrient transport. This summary covers key concepts such as peristalsis, enzyme functions, and the differences between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, providing a comprehensive overview for students studying human digestion.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology