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Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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02/03/2023
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AEROBIC RESPIRATION Aerobic respiration accurs in the presence of lots of oxygen. 4 The equation glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water. Biology o penergy The -process releasing oxygen from glucose in the presence. of oxygen (which occurs in all living_ceus) what is it? •Respiration using oxygen to break down food molecules Glucose = mainly used for respiration Glucose is oxidised to release. energy. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the brocken down products into / with oxygen (which makes carbon dioxide and water.) The carbon dioxicle is the waste product as cells do not need it. provides energy for muscle contraction nerve impulses cell division This happens inside the mitochondria oxygen is needed glucose breakdown happens. carbon dioxide and water ore end products ·large amount of energy released Aerobic respiration produces 38 molecules of ATP. 0 O ANAERODIC RESPIRATION Anaerobic respiration does not need oxygen. Release of a Small amount of energy in cells by the breakdown of food Substances in the absence of oxygen. This happens in muscles during exercise. The equation glucose →latic acial + energy in form ATP As the glucose is not fully brokodown, it releases less energy than aerobic respiration. Build up of laktic acid during exercise (this needs to be This is brocken down by oxygen. oxidised to CO2 + water.) Lactic acid operates/generates oxygendebt that needs to be reypayed once exercise stops. fun Tip = this is why we breath deeply for abit after we have finished exercising oxygen is...
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not needed glucose breakdown is incomplete end products for animal cells are lactic acid, and for plant ceus it is carbon dioxidy and ethanol a small amount of energy released Investigating respiration ! Lime water can be used to cutect carbon dioxidi. when carbon d is bubbled through limewwater it turns cloudy so we see if more carbon d is presented in exhated air compared to inhaled air percentage of ATP released is st. (shows production of coz and heat)