Kaj pravzaprav naredi nekaj "živo"? Biologija je veda o življenju,... Show more
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Updated May 12, 2026
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Kaj so značilnosti živih bitij?
1 / 5
Osnove življenja in ključni pojmi
Živo bitje mora izpolniti določene pogoje, da ga lahko ločimo od nežive narave. Organizem je vsak posamezen primerek živega sveta, ki kaže vse značilnosti življenja.
Celica je osnovna gradbena enota vseh živih bitij. Predstavljaj si jo kot najmanjšo "tovarno", ki lahko samostojno živi in opravlja vse potrebne funkcije.
Presnova ali metabolizem zajema vse kemijske reakcije v organizmu za pridobivanje energije. Deli se na anabolizem (gradnjo) in katabolizem (razgradnjo) - kot gradbena dela v telesu.
💡 Zapomniti si moraš: Homeostaza je sposobnost vzdrževanja stabilnega notranjega okolja, ne glede na zunanje spremembe.
Celična zgradba in presnova
Vsa živa bitja so zgrajena iz ene ali več celic. Enoceličarji kot bakterije in amebe imajo samo eno celico, ki opravlja vse funkcije. Mnogoceličarji kot človek imajo milijarde specializiranih celic.
Presnova je način, kako organizmi pridobijo energijo. Avtotrofi (rastline) si sami izdelajo hrano s fotosintezo iz CO₂ in H₂O. Heterotrofi (živali, glive) morajo jesti druge organizme.
Fotosinteza deluje po formuli: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. To pomeni, da rastline iz ogljikovega dioksida in vode naredijo sladkor in kisik.
💡 Praktičen nasvet: Za test obvezno znaš razliko med avtotrofi in heterotrofi - kdo si sam naredi hrano in kdo mora jesti druge.
Rast, razvoj in razmnoževanje
Rast pomeni povečanje velikosti, razvoj pa spremembe oblike in funkcije. Ne mešaj ju! Gosenica raste, ko postane večja, razvija pa se, ko se spremeni v metulja.
Razmnoževanje ustvarja nove potomce. Nespolno razmnoževanje pomeni enega starša in genetsko enake potomce (klone). Spolno razmnoževanje potrebuje dva starša in ustvari genetsko različne potomce.
Odzivnost pomeni, da se organizmi odzivajo na dražljaje iz okolja. Sončnica se obrača proti soncu, ti pa umaknesh roko od vroče peči.
💡 Pomembno: Razmnoževanje ni nujno za preživetje posameznika, ampak je ključno za ohranitev vrste.
Dednost, homeostaza in evolucija
Dednost pomeni prenašanje lastnosti s starših na potomce preko genov v DNA. Zato imaš podobne oči kot starši - to ni naključje, ampak genetika.
Homeostaza vzdržuje stabilno notranje okolje. Ko ti je vroče, se potiš. Ko ti je hladno, drgetes. Telo se samo uravnava, da ostane zdravo.
Evolucija pomeni, da se populacije prilagajajo okolju skozi generacije. Žirafe z daljšimi vratovi so imele dostop do več hrane, zato so preživele in se razmnoževale.
💡 Za test: Homeostaza ni samo uravnavanje temperature - zajema tudi sladkor v krvi, količino vode in soli v telesu.
Primeri in povzetek
Primerjajmo mačko (živo bitje), kamen (neživo) in virus (na meji). Mačka izpolni vseh 8 značilnosti. Kamen nobene. Virus ima samo dednost in razmnoževanje, vendar potrebuje gostiteljsko celico.
Virus ni pravo živo bitje, ker nima celic, lastne presnove in se ne more samostojno razmnoževati. Je kot biološki "robot", ki se aktivira šele v celici.
Hitri povzetek 8 značilnosti: celična zgradba, presnova, rast in razvoj, razmnoževanje, odzivnost, dednost, homeostaza, evolucija. Za test moraš znati vse našteti in podati primere!
💡 Ključno: Predmet mora pokazati VSE značilnosti, da je živ. Ena sama (kot gibanje) ni dovolj.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Kaj so značilnosti živih bitij?
Kaj pravzaprav naredi nekaj "živo"? Biologija je veda o življenju, vendar mora vsako živo bitje izpolniti 8 ključnih pogojev, da ga lahko opredelimo kot organizem. Te značilnosti ločijo bakterije, rastline in živali od nežive narave, kot so kamni ali voda.
Osnove življenja in ključni pojmi
Živo bitje mora izpolniti določene pogoje, da ga lahko ločimo od nežive narave. Organizem je vsak posamezen primerek živega sveta, ki kaže vse značilnosti življenja.
Celica je osnovna gradbena enota vseh živih bitij. Predstavljaj si jo kot najmanjšo "tovarno", ki lahko samostojno živi in opravlja vse potrebne funkcije.
Presnova ali metabolizem zajema vse kemijske reakcije v organizmu za pridobivanje energije. Deli se na anabolizem (gradnjo) in katabolizem (razgradnjo) - kot gradbena dela v telesu.
💡 Zapomniti si moraš: Homeostaza je sposobnost vzdrževanja stabilnega notranjega okolja, ne glede na zunanje spremembe.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Celična zgradba in presnova
Vsa živa bitja so zgrajena iz ene ali več celic. Enoceličarji kot bakterije in amebe imajo samo eno celico, ki opravlja vse funkcije. Mnogoceličarji kot človek imajo milijarde specializiranih celic.
Presnova je način, kako organizmi pridobijo energijo. Avtotrofi (rastline) si sami izdelajo hrano s fotosintezo iz CO₂ in H₂O. Heterotrofi (živali, glive) morajo jesti druge organizme.
Fotosinteza deluje po formuli: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. To pomeni, da rastline iz ogljikovega dioksida in vode naredijo sladkor in kisik.
💡 Praktičen nasvet: Za test obvezno znaš razliko med avtotrofi in heterotrofi - kdo si sam naredi hrano in kdo mora jesti druge.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Rast, razvoj in razmnoževanje
Rast pomeni povečanje velikosti, razvoj pa spremembe oblike in funkcije. Ne mešaj ju! Gosenica raste, ko postane večja, razvija pa se, ko se spremeni v metulja.
Razmnoževanje ustvarja nove potomce. Nespolno razmnoževanje pomeni enega starša in genetsko enake potomce (klone). Spolno razmnoževanje potrebuje dva starša in ustvari genetsko različne potomce.
Odzivnost pomeni, da se organizmi odzivajo na dražljaje iz okolja. Sončnica se obrača proti soncu, ti pa umaknesh roko od vroče peči.
💡 Pomembno: Razmnoževanje ni nujno za preživetje posameznika, ampak je ključno za ohranitev vrste.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Dednost, homeostaza in evolucija
Dednost pomeni prenašanje lastnosti s starših na potomce preko genov v DNA. Zato imaš podobne oči kot starši - to ni naključje, ampak genetika.
Homeostaza vzdržuje stabilno notranje okolje. Ko ti je vroče, se potiš. Ko ti je hladno, drgetes. Telo se samo uravnava, da ostane zdravo.
Evolucija pomeni, da se populacije prilagajajo okolju skozi generacije. Žirafe z daljšimi vratovi so imele dostop do več hrane, zato so preživele in se razmnoževale.
💡 Za test: Homeostaza ni samo uravnavanje temperature - zajema tudi sladkor v krvi, količino vode in soli v telesu.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Primeri in povzetek
Primerjajmo mačko (živo bitje), kamen (neživo) in virus (na meji). Mačka izpolni vseh 8 značilnosti. Kamen nobene. Virus ima samo dednost in razmnoževanje, vendar potrebuje gostiteljsko celico.
Virus ni pravo živo bitje, ker nima celic, lastne presnove in se ne more samostojno razmnoževati. Je kot biološki "robot", ki se aktivira šele v celici.
Hitri povzetek 8 značilnosti: celična zgradba, presnova, rast in razvoj, razmnoževanje, odzivnost, dednost, homeostaza, evolucija. Za test moraš znati vse našteti in podati primere!
💡 Ključno: Predmet mora pokazati VSE značilnosti, da je živ. Ena sama (kot gibanje) ni dovolj.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user