Celica je osnovna enota življenja - vse živo na Zemlji... Show more
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Updated Mar 16, 2026
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Osnovna zgradba celice
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Osnove celice
Celica je najmanjša enota, ki lahko samostojno živi. V naravi obstajata dva osnovna tipa celic, a za nas je pomembnejša evkariontska celica, ki ima pravo jedro z DNK. Take celice imajo rastline, živali, glive in tudi ti!
Vsaka evkariontska celica ima tri glavne dele: celično membrano, citoplazmo in jedro. V citoplazmi se nahajajo organeli - to so "mali organi" celice, ki opravljajo različne naloge.
💡 Dober nasvet: Celico si predstavljaj kot mesto z različnimi zgradbami, ki imajo svoje naloge!
Celična membrana in citoplazma
Celična membrana je tanek ovoj, ki obdaja celico. Deluje kot pameten vratar - odloča, katere snovi lahko vstopijo v celico (hrana, kisik) in katere jo zapustijo (odpadki). Temu rečemo izbirna prepustnost.
Citoplazma je želatinasta snov, ki zapolnjuje notranjost celice. V njej se nahajajo organeli in potekajo pomembne kemijske reakcije za življenje.
🔥 Pozor: Celična membrana ni enaka celični steni! Celično steno imajo rastline in bakterije, živali pa ne!
Organeli - tovarne v celici
Mitohondrij je elektrarna celice, kjer poteka celično dihanje. Tu se iz hrane in kisika sprošča energija za delovanje celice. Več energije kot celica potrebuje, več mitohondrijev ima.
Ribosomi so majhne tovarne beljakovin. Sestavljajo beljakovine po navodilih iz jedra. Endoplazemski retikulum je transportni sistem celice, Golgijev aparat pa je kot pošta - sprejme in zapakira snovi.
Lizosomi so reciklažni centri, ki razgrajujejo odpadke in poškodovane dele celice.
💪 To znaš: Zapomni si, da je mitohondrij kot elektrarna - brez njega ne bi imel energije!
Jedro - možgani celice
Jedro je kontrolni center celice, kjer se nahaja DNK (dedni material). DNK nosi navodila za izdelavo vseh beljakovin in s tem za vse tvoje lastnosti. Jedro nadzoruje vse dejavnosti v celici.
Jedro obdaja jedrna ovojnica s porami, skozi katere potujejo snovi med jedrom in citoplazmo. Brez jedra celica ne more preživeti.
Primerjava z rastlinsko celico: Obe celici imata jedro, citoplazmo, celično membrano, mitohondrije in ribosome. Razlike se začnejo pri specialnih delih.
🧠 Ključno: Jedro je kot mestna hiša - od tam se sprejemajo vse pomembne odločitve!
Razlike med živalsko in rastlinsko celico
Rastlinska celica ima tri dodatne dele, ki jih živalska nima. Celična stena iz celuloze daje rastlini trdnost in oporo - leži zunaj celične membrane.
Kloroplasti so zeleni organeli, kjer poteka fotosinteza. Vsebujejo klorofil, ki omogoča rastlinam izdelavo hrane iz svetlobe. Velika osrednja vakuola shranjuje vodo, hranila in vzdržuje pritisk v celici.
Pomembno: tudi rastline imajo mitohondrije! Fotosinteza je kot kuhanje hrane, celično dihanje pa kot jedenje - potrebujejo oba procesa.
📝 Za test: Zapomni si tri razlike - celična stena, kloroplasti, velika vakuola!
Hitro ponavljanje
Celica kot mesto: mestno obzidje (celična stena), meja z nadzornimi točkami (celična membrana), mestna hiša (jedro), elektrarne (mitohondriji), tovarne (ribosomi), pošta (Golgijev aparat).
Ključni pojmi za test:
- Celična membrana: vratar z izbirno prepustnostjo
- Jedro: možgani z DNK
- Mitohondrij: elektrarna za energijo
- Tri razlike rastlinske celice: celična stena, kloroplasti, velika vakuola
✅ Uspeh zagotovljen: S to osnovo boš brez težav obvladal test o celici!
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Osnovna zgradba celice
Celica je osnovna enota življenja - vse živo na Zemlji je zgrajeno iz celic! Lahko si jo predstavljaš kot majhno tovarno, kjer se dogajajo vsi življenjski procesi. Razumevanje zgradbe celice ti bo pomagalo razumeti, kako delujejo vsi organizmi, od bakterij... Show more
Osnove celice
Celica je najmanjša enota, ki lahko samostojno živi. V naravi obstajata dva osnovna tipa celic, a za nas je pomembnejša evkariontska celica, ki ima pravo jedro z DNK. Take celice imajo rastline, živali, glive in tudi ti!
Vsaka evkariontska celica ima tri glavne dele: celično membrano, citoplazmo in jedro. V citoplazmi se nahajajo organeli - to so "mali organi" celice, ki opravljajo različne naloge.
💡 Dober nasvet: Celico si predstavljaj kot mesto z različnimi zgradbami, ki imajo svoje naloge!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Celična membrana in citoplazma
Celična membrana je tanek ovoj, ki obdaja celico. Deluje kot pameten vratar - odloča, katere snovi lahko vstopijo v celico (hrana, kisik) in katere jo zapustijo (odpadki). Temu rečemo izbirna prepustnost.
Citoplazma je želatinasta snov, ki zapolnjuje notranjost celice. V njej se nahajajo organeli in potekajo pomembne kemijske reakcije za življenje.
🔥 Pozor: Celična membrana ni enaka celični steni! Celično steno imajo rastline in bakterije, živali pa ne!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Organeli - tovarne v celici
Mitohondrij je elektrarna celice, kjer poteka celično dihanje. Tu se iz hrane in kisika sprošča energija za delovanje celice. Več energije kot celica potrebuje, več mitohondrijev ima.
Ribosomi so majhne tovarne beljakovin. Sestavljajo beljakovine po navodilih iz jedra. Endoplazemski retikulum je transportni sistem celice, Golgijev aparat pa je kot pošta - sprejme in zapakira snovi.
Lizosomi so reciklažni centri, ki razgrajujejo odpadke in poškodovane dele celice.
💪 To znaš: Zapomni si, da je mitohondrij kot elektrarna - brez njega ne bi imel energije!
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Jedro - možgani celice
Jedro je kontrolni center celice, kjer se nahaja DNK (dedni material). DNK nosi navodila za izdelavo vseh beljakovin in s tem za vse tvoje lastnosti. Jedro nadzoruje vse dejavnosti v celici.
Jedro obdaja jedrna ovojnica s porami, skozi katere potujejo snovi med jedrom in citoplazmo. Brez jedra celica ne more preživeti.
Primerjava z rastlinsko celico: Obe celici imata jedro, citoplazmo, celično membrano, mitohondrije in ribosome. Razlike se začnejo pri specialnih delih.
🧠 Ključno: Jedro je kot mestna hiša - od tam se sprejemajo vse pomembne odločitve!
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Razlike med živalsko in rastlinsko celico
Rastlinska celica ima tri dodatne dele, ki jih živalska nima. Celična stena iz celuloze daje rastlini trdnost in oporo - leži zunaj celične membrane.
Kloroplasti so zeleni organeli, kjer poteka fotosinteza. Vsebujejo klorofil, ki omogoča rastlinam izdelavo hrane iz svetlobe. Velika osrednja vakuola shranjuje vodo, hranila in vzdržuje pritisk v celici.
Pomembno: tudi rastline imajo mitohondrije! Fotosinteza je kot kuhanje hrane, celično dihanje pa kot jedenje - potrebujejo oba procesa.
📝 Za test: Zapomni si tri razlike - celična stena, kloroplasti, velika vakuola!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hitro ponavljanje
Celica kot mesto: mestno obzidje (celična stena), meja z nadzornimi točkami (celična membrana), mestna hiša (jedro), elektrarne (mitohondriji), tovarne (ribosomi), pošta (Golgijev aparat).
Ključni pojmi za test:
- Celična membrana: vratar z izbirno prepustnostjo
- Jedro: možgani z DNK
- Mitohondrij: elektrarna za energijo
- Tri razlike rastlinske celice: celična stena, kloroplasti, velika vakuola
✅ Uspeh zagotovljen: S to osnovo boš brez težav obvladal test o celici!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user