Skeletni in mišični sistem sta kot dva najboljša prijatelja, ki... Show more
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Updated Mar 18, 2026
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Človeški skelet in mišice: Oporni in gibalni sistem
1 / 7
Uvod v gibala in ključni pojmi
Predstavljaj si svoje telo kot popolno gradbeno konstrukcijo. Okostje je kot jeklena konstrukcija stavbe - daje oporo in obliko tvojemu telesu. Vsaka kost je trden organ, ki v svoji notranjosti skriva kostni mozeg.
Hrustanec je tvoj naravni "mazalec" - to gladko tkivo prekriva konce kosti v sklepih in preprečuje, da bi se ob gibanju obrabljale. Najdeš ga tudi v nosu in uhljih. Sklepi so mesta, kjer se srečajo kosti in omogočajo gibanje.
Vezi (ligamenti) so kot močni trakovi, ki držijo kosti skupaj v sklepih. Mišice pa so tvoji motorji - krčijo se in spuščajo ter tako premikajo kosti. Kite so močni "kabli", ki povezujejo mišice s kostmi.
💡 Pomni: Gibala = okostje + mišice. Eden brez drugega ne more!
Skeletni sistem - tvoje notranje ogrodje
Tvoje okostje ima pet super pomembnih nalog, ki jih moraš znati za test! Daje oporo (da lahko stojiš), ščiti organe (lobanja varuje možgane), omogoča gibanje (kosti so kot vzvodi), tvori krvne celice v rdečem kostnem mozgu in shranjuje minerale kot kalcij.
Osni skelet je kot glavni del konstrukcije. Sestavljen je iz lobanje, hrbtenice (vretenca) in prsnega koša . Ta del ščiti tvoje najpomembnejše organe.
Skelet okončin pa so tvoje roke in noge. Zgornje okončine (roke) so pripete na telo z ramenskim obročem, spodnje (noge) pa z medeničnim obročem. Tako lahko mahaš z rokami in hodiš!
💡 Trik za test: Osni = osrednji del telesa, okončine = roke in noge!
Zgradba kosti in sklepov
Vsaka kost je kot natančno načrtovana zgradba. Pokostnica na površini jo prehranjuje, gosta kostnina je trden zunanji del, gobasta kostnina je lažji notranji del z luknjicami. V sredici je kostni mozeg - rdeči dela krvne celice, rumeni pa je maščoba.
Sklepi so kot tečaji na vratih, vendar jih imamo več vrst. Negibljivi (šivi v lobanji) sploh ne dovoljujejo gibanja, malo gibljivi (med vretenci) dovoljujejo le malo, gibljivi pa omogočajo največ gibanja.
Gibljivi sklepi so pravi tehnični čudeži! Sklepni hrustanec poskrbi za gladko gibanje, sklepna ovojnica obdaja sklep, sklepna maža pa je kot olje v motorju - vse lepo maže.
💡 Zapomni si: Kroglasti sklep (kolk) = gibanje v vse smeri, tečajasti sklep (komolec) = samo naprej-nazaj!
Mišični sistem - tvoji motorji za gibanje
Mišice so tvoji osebni motorji, ki lahko samo vlečejo - nikoli ne morejo potiskati! To je super pomembno za razumevanje, kako se premikaš.
Imaš tri vrste mišic: skeletne (prečnoprogaste), ki jih lahko krmiliš z voljo, gladke, ki delujejo same (v želodcu, črevesju), in srčno mišico, ki je posebna in dela sama.
Skeletne mišice delujejo v antagonističnih parih - to pomeni, da si nasprotujejo. Ena je upogibalka (fleksor), druga pa iztegovalka (ekstenzor). Ko se ena skrči, se druga sprosti.
💡 Klasičen primer: Biceps (upogibalka) in triceps (iztegovalka) na nadlahti - kot tehtnica!
Kako deluje gibanje in kako skrbiš za gibala
Ko želiš pokrčiti roko, možgani pošljejo signal bicepsu, ta se skrči in potegne podlahtnico navzgor. Istočasno se triceps sprosti. Za iztegovanje je ravno obratno - triceps se skrči, biceps sprosti.
Kite povezujejo mišico s kostjo (M→K), vezi pa kost s kostjo (K→K). Pomni si: "Mišica je na KITAri!" Poškodbe gibal so zlomi (kost), zvini (vezi) in izpahi (sklepna glavica skoči iz mesta).
Za zdrava gibala potrebuješ kalcij (mleko, sir, zeleno zelenjavo) in vitamin D (sonce, ribe). Redno gibanje krepi mišice in dela kosti gostejše. Pravilna drža pa skrbi za zdravo hrbtenico.
💡 Za zdravje: Gibanje + prava hrana + pravilna drža = močna gibala za celo življenje!
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Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Človeški skelet in mišice: Oporni in gibalni sistem
Skeletni in mišični sistem sta kot dva najboljša prijatelja, ki skupaj tvorita gibala - omogočata ti, da hodiš, tečeš, plešeš in da se sploh premikaš. Brez njiju bi bili samo kup mehkih tkiv, ki ne bi mogel niti stati pokonci!
Uvod v gibala in ključni pojmi
Predstavljaj si svoje telo kot popolno gradbeno konstrukcijo. Okostje je kot jeklena konstrukcija stavbe - daje oporo in obliko tvojemu telesu. Vsaka kost je trden organ, ki v svoji notranjosti skriva kostni mozeg.
Hrustanec je tvoj naravni "mazalec" - to gladko tkivo prekriva konce kosti v sklepih in preprečuje, da bi se ob gibanju obrabljale. Najdeš ga tudi v nosu in uhljih. Sklepi so mesta, kjer se srečajo kosti in omogočajo gibanje.
Vezi (ligamenti) so kot močni trakovi, ki držijo kosti skupaj v sklepih. Mišice pa so tvoji motorji - krčijo se in spuščajo ter tako premikajo kosti. Kite so močni "kabli", ki povezujejo mišice s kostmi.
💡 Pomni: Gibala = okostje + mišice. Eden brez drugega ne more!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Skeletni sistem - tvoje notranje ogrodje
Tvoje okostje ima pet super pomembnih nalog, ki jih moraš znati za test! Daje oporo (da lahko stojiš), ščiti organe (lobanja varuje možgane), omogoča gibanje (kosti so kot vzvodi), tvori krvne celice v rdečem kostnem mozgu in shranjuje minerale kot kalcij.
Osni skelet je kot glavni del konstrukcije. Sestavljen je iz lobanje, hrbtenice (vretenca) in prsnega koša . Ta del ščiti tvoje najpomembnejše organe.
Skelet okončin pa so tvoje roke in noge. Zgornje okončine (roke) so pripete na telo z ramenskim obročem, spodnje (noge) pa z medeničnim obročem. Tako lahko mahaš z rokami in hodiš!
💡 Trik za test: Osni = osrednji del telesa, okončine = roke in noge!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Zgradba kosti in sklepov
Vsaka kost je kot natančno načrtovana zgradba. Pokostnica na površini jo prehranjuje, gosta kostnina je trden zunanji del, gobasta kostnina je lažji notranji del z luknjicami. V sredici je kostni mozeg - rdeči dela krvne celice, rumeni pa je maščoba.
Sklepi so kot tečaji na vratih, vendar jih imamo več vrst. Negibljivi (šivi v lobanji) sploh ne dovoljujejo gibanja, malo gibljivi (med vretenci) dovoljujejo le malo, gibljivi pa omogočajo največ gibanja.
Gibljivi sklepi so pravi tehnični čudeži! Sklepni hrustanec poskrbi za gladko gibanje, sklepna ovojnica obdaja sklep, sklepna maža pa je kot olje v motorju - vse lepo maže.
💡 Zapomni si: Kroglasti sklep (kolk) = gibanje v vse smeri, tečajasti sklep (komolec) = samo naprej-nazaj!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Mišični sistem - tvoji motorji za gibanje
Mišice so tvoji osebni motorji, ki lahko samo vlečejo - nikoli ne morejo potiskati! To je super pomembno za razumevanje, kako se premikaš.
Imaš tri vrste mišic: skeletne (prečnoprogaste), ki jih lahko krmiliš z voljo, gladke, ki delujejo same (v želodcu, črevesju), in srčno mišico, ki je posebna in dela sama.
Skeletne mišice delujejo v antagonističnih parih - to pomeni, da si nasprotujejo. Ena je upogibalka (fleksor), druga pa iztegovalka (ekstenzor). Ko se ena skrči, se druga sprosti.
💡 Klasičen primer: Biceps (upogibalka) in triceps (iztegovalka) na nadlahti - kot tehtnica!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Kako deluje gibanje in kako skrbiš za gibala
Ko želiš pokrčiti roko, možgani pošljejo signal bicepsu, ta se skrči in potegne podlahtnico navzgor. Istočasno se triceps sprosti. Za iztegovanje je ravno obratno - triceps se skrči, biceps sprosti.
Kite povezujejo mišico s kostjo (M→K), vezi pa kost s kostjo (K→K). Pomni si: "Mišica je na KITAri!" Poškodbe gibal so zlomi (kost), zvini (vezi) in izpahi (sklepna glavica skoči iz mesta).
Za zdrava gibala potrebuješ kalcij (mleko, sir, zeleno zelenjavo) in vitamin D (sonce, ribe). Redno gibanje krepi mišice in dela kosti gostejše. Pravilna drža pa skrbi za zdravo hrbtenico.
💡 Za zdravje: Gibanje + prava hrana + pravilna drža = močna gibala za celo življenje!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user