Rastlinske in živalske celice so osnovna gradnika vseh živih bitij... Show more
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Updated Mar 29, 2026
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Razlike med Rastlinsko in Živalsko Celico
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Rastlinska in živalska celica - osnove
Vsaka celica je kot majhna tovarna, kjer se dogajajo vsi življenjski procesi. Evkariontske celice (tako rastlinske kot živalske) imajo jedro, kjer se skriva vsa "navodila" za delovanje celice.
Razlike med rastlinskimi in živalskimi celicami niso naključne. Rastline so pritrjene na enem mestu in si hrano proizvajajo same, medtem ko se živali premikajo in hrano dobijo iz okolja.
Preden se lotimo razlik, si poglejmo, kaj imata obe celici skupnega. Celična membrana obdaja celico in nadzoruje, kaj gre noter in kaj ven. Citoplazma je želatinasta snov, v kateri plavajo vsi celični deli.
Jedro je "možganski center" celice, kjer se skriva DNK. Mitohondriji so elektrarne celice - tu se iz hrane sprošča energija. Pozor: tudi rastline imajo mitohondrije! Ribosomi pa proizvajajo beljakovine.
Opomba: Tudi rastline potrebujejo mitohondrije za sproščanje energije, ne samo kloroplaste!
Struktura živalske celice
Živalska celica je precej enostavnejša od rastlinske. Njena oblika ni stalna - lahko se spreminja, ker ni obdana s trdno steno.
Glavne značilnosti živalske celice so prožnost in sposobnost gibanja. Celična membrana je edina zaščita, ki obdaja celico, zato lahko celica spreminja obliko in se premika.
Organeli v živalski celici opravljajo vsa osnovna opravila življenja. Jedro nadzoruje procese, mitohondriji proizvajajo energijo, ribosomi delajo beljakovine.
Vakuole so pri živalskih celicah majhne ali pa jih sploh ni. To pomeni, da nimajo veliko "skladišča" za vodo in hranila.
Pomembno: Živalske celice so odvisne od vnosa hrane iz okolja, ker si je ne morejo proizvesti same.
Struktura rastlinske celice
Rastlinska celica je kot močno utrjena tovarna. Celična stena iz celuloze obdaja celico in ji daje trdnost ter stalno obliko - večinoma pravokotno ali šesterokotno.
Ta trdna struktura rastlini omogoča, da raste visoko in se ne zruši pod lastno težo. Predstavljaj si jo kot oklepni oklep okoli celice.
Kloroplasti so najzanimivejši del rastlinske celice - to so zelena telesca, kjer poteka fotosinteza. Tu rastlina s pomočjo sončne svetlobe proizvaja svojo hrano iz ogljikovega dioksida in vode.
Velika osrednja vakuola je kot velik rezervoar, ki shranjuje vodo in hranila. Ko je polna vode, pritiska na celično steno in celici daje trdnost.
Zanimivost: Velika vakuola je razlog, zakaj ovenela solata postane spet hrustljava, ko jo daš v vodo!
Glavne razlike med celicama
Celična stena je največja razlika - rastlinska jo ima, živalska ne. To rastlinski celici daje stalno obliko, živalska pa lahko spreminja svojo obliko.
Kloroplasti najdeš samo v rastlinah. Rastline so avtotrofi (si same naredijo hrano), živali pa heterotrofi (hrano dobijo iz okolja). Zato rastline ne potrebujejo gibanja za iskanje hrane.
Razlika v vakuolah je očitna - rastlinske imajo eno veliko, živalske pa več majhnih ali nobene. Velika vakuola pomaga ohranjati celični tlak (turgor), ki rastlini daje pokončno držo.
Pri pridobivanju energije rastline uporabljajo dva procesa: najprej fotosinteza (proizvodnja hrane), nato celično dihanje (poraba hrane za energijo). Živali uporabljajo samo celično dihanje.
Za test: Celična stena, kloroplasti in velika vakuola - to so tri ključne razlike, ki jih moraš znati pojasniti!
Praktični primeri in napake
Ovenela solata postane spet hrustljava v vodi zaradi osmoze - vakuole se napolnijo z vodo in pritisnejo na celično steno. Turgor (celični tlak) naredi celice spet trde.
Če pod mikroskopom vidiš pravokotno celico z zelenimi telesci, to je zagotovo rastlinska celica. Obliko določa celična stena, zelena telesca pa so kloroplasti.
Pogosta napaka: Misliti, da rastline nimajo mitohondrijev. Napačno! Rastline imajo oboje - kloroplaste za proizvodnjo hrane in mitohondrije za sproščanje energije iz te hrane.
Druga napaka je mešanje celične membrane in celične stene. Obe celici imata celično membrano, vendar ima samo rastlinska poleg nje še trdno celično steno.
Nasvet za učenje: Nariši obe celici na pamet in ju označi. Nato preveri s sliko - tako boš lažje zapomnil razlike!
Hiter povzetek za ponavljanje
Rastlinska celica prepoznaš po celični steni, kloroplastih, veliki vakuoli in stalni (pravokotni) obliki. Lahko si proizvaja hrano in je kot utrjena tovarna.
Živalska celica nima celične stene, kloroplastov ali velike vakuole. Ima spremenljivo obliko in je odvisna od vnosa hrane iz okolja.
Skupni deli obeh celic: jedro, citoplazma, celična membrana, mitohondriji in ribosomi. Ti organeli opravljajo osnovna življenjska opravila v vseh evkariontskih celicah.
Za uspešno reševanje testov si zapomni tri ključne razlike: celična stena (samo rastlinska), kloroplasti (samo rastlinska) in vakuole (rastlinska ena velika, živalska več majhnih).
Končni nasvet: Te razlike niso naključne - odražajo različne načine življenja rastlin (nepremičnost, lastna proizvodnja hrane) in živali (gibanje, iskanje hrane).
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Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Razlike med Rastlinsko in Živalsko Celico
Rastlinske in živalske celice so osnovna gradnika vseh živih bitij na našem planetu. Čeprav se na prvi pogled morda zdita popolnoma različni, imata veliko skupnega, vendar pa obstajajo ključne razlike, ki določajo, kako rastline in živali živijo.
Rastlinska in živalska celica - osnove
Vsaka celica je kot majhna tovarna, kjer se dogajajo vsi življenjski procesi. Evkariontske celice (tako rastlinske kot živalske) imajo jedro, kjer se skriva vsa "navodila" za delovanje celice.
Razlike med rastlinskimi in živalskimi celicami niso naključne. Rastline so pritrjene na enem mestu in si hrano proizvajajo same, medtem ko se živali premikajo in hrano dobijo iz okolja.
Preden se lotimo razlik, si poglejmo, kaj imata obe celici skupnega. Celična membrana obdaja celico in nadzoruje, kaj gre noter in kaj ven. Citoplazma je želatinasta snov, v kateri plavajo vsi celični deli.
Jedro je "možganski center" celice, kjer se skriva DNK. Mitohondriji so elektrarne celice - tu se iz hrane sprošča energija. Pozor: tudi rastline imajo mitohondrije! Ribosomi pa proizvajajo beljakovine.
Opomba: Tudi rastline potrebujejo mitohondrije za sproščanje energije, ne samo kloroplaste!
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Struktura živalske celice
Živalska celica je precej enostavnejša od rastlinske. Njena oblika ni stalna - lahko se spreminja, ker ni obdana s trdno steno.
Glavne značilnosti živalske celice so prožnost in sposobnost gibanja. Celična membrana je edina zaščita, ki obdaja celico, zato lahko celica spreminja obliko in se premika.
Organeli v živalski celici opravljajo vsa osnovna opravila življenja. Jedro nadzoruje procese, mitohondriji proizvajajo energijo, ribosomi delajo beljakovine.
Vakuole so pri živalskih celicah majhne ali pa jih sploh ni. To pomeni, da nimajo veliko "skladišča" za vodo in hranila.
Pomembno: Živalske celice so odvisne od vnosa hrane iz okolja, ker si je ne morejo proizvesti same.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Struktura rastlinske celice
Rastlinska celica je kot močno utrjena tovarna. Celična stena iz celuloze obdaja celico in ji daje trdnost ter stalno obliko - večinoma pravokotno ali šesterokotno.
Ta trdna struktura rastlini omogoča, da raste visoko in se ne zruši pod lastno težo. Predstavljaj si jo kot oklepni oklep okoli celice.
Kloroplasti so najzanimivejši del rastlinske celice - to so zelena telesca, kjer poteka fotosinteza. Tu rastlina s pomočjo sončne svetlobe proizvaja svojo hrano iz ogljikovega dioksida in vode.
Velika osrednja vakuola je kot velik rezervoar, ki shranjuje vodo in hranila. Ko je polna vode, pritiska na celično steno in celici daje trdnost.
Zanimivost: Velika vakuola je razlog, zakaj ovenela solata postane spet hrustljava, ko jo daš v vodo!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Glavne razlike med celicama
Celična stena je največja razlika - rastlinska jo ima, živalska ne. To rastlinski celici daje stalno obliko, živalska pa lahko spreminja svojo obliko.
Kloroplasti najdeš samo v rastlinah. Rastline so avtotrofi (si same naredijo hrano), živali pa heterotrofi (hrano dobijo iz okolja). Zato rastline ne potrebujejo gibanja za iskanje hrane.
Razlika v vakuolah je očitna - rastlinske imajo eno veliko, živalske pa več majhnih ali nobene. Velika vakuola pomaga ohranjati celični tlak (turgor), ki rastlini daje pokončno držo.
Pri pridobivanju energije rastline uporabljajo dva procesa: najprej fotosinteza (proizvodnja hrane), nato celično dihanje (poraba hrane za energijo). Živali uporabljajo samo celično dihanje.
Za test: Celična stena, kloroplasti in velika vakuola - to so tri ključne razlike, ki jih moraš znati pojasniti!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični primeri in napake
Ovenela solata postane spet hrustljava v vodi zaradi osmoze - vakuole se napolnijo z vodo in pritisnejo na celično steno. Turgor (celični tlak) naredi celice spet trde.
Če pod mikroskopom vidiš pravokotno celico z zelenimi telesci, to je zagotovo rastlinska celica. Obliko določa celična stena, zelena telesca pa so kloroplasti.
Pogosta napaka: Misliti, da rastline nimajo mitohondrijev. Napačno! Rastline imajo oboje - kloroplaste za proizvodnjo hrane in mitohondrije za sproščanje energije iz te hrane.
Druga napaka je mešanje celične membrane in celične stene. Obe celici imata celično membrano, vendar ima samo rastlinska poleg nje še trdno celično steno.
Nasvet za učenje: Nariši obe celici na pamet in ju označi. Nato preveri s sliko - tako boš lažje zapomnil razlike!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter povzetek za ponavljanje
Rastlinska celica prepoznaš po celični steni, kloroplastih, veliki vakuoli in stalni (pravokotni) obliki. Lahko si proizvaja hrano in je kot utrjena tovarna.
Živalska celica nima celične stene, kloroplastov ali velike vakuole. Ima spremenljivo obliko in je odvisna od vnosa hrane iz okolja.
Skupni deli obeh celic: jedro, citoplazma, celična membrana, mitohondriji in ribosomi. Ti organeli opravljajo osnovna življenjska opravila v vseh evkariontskih celicah.
Za uspešno reševanje testov si zapomni tri ključne razlike: celična stena (samo rastlinska), kloroplasti (samo rastlinska) in vakuole (rastlinska ena velika, živalska več majhnih).
Končni nasvet: Te razlike niso naključne - odražajo različne načine življenja rastlin (nepremičnost, lastna proizvodnja hrane) in živali (gibanje, iskanje hrane).
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user