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Updated Apr 17, 2026
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Razlika med Prokariontskimi in Evkariontskimi Celicami
1 / 6
Osnove prokariontskih in evkariontskih celic
Že ime pove vse - prokariontska celica (pred jedrom) nima pravega jedra, medtem ko evkariontska celica (pravo jedro) ima pravo celično jedro z ovojnico. To je osnovna razdelitev vseh celic na Zemlji.
Prokariontske celice so enostavnejše - dedni material (DNK) prosto plava po citoplazmi v območju, ki mu rečemo nukleoid. Nimajo z membrano obdanih organelov, so manjše in se hitro delijo.
Evkariontske celice so večje in kompleksnejše. Njihov dedni material je varno shranjen v celičnem jedru, obdanem z dvojno membrano. Imajo tudi številne organele - to so kot "mali organi" celice, vsak s svojo nalogo.
Zapomniti si: Če ima celica jedro z membrano → evkariont. Če nima → prokariont. To je ključna razlika!
Primerjava lastnosti obeh tipov celic
Velikost takoj pove zgodbo - prokariontske celice so drobcene , evkariontske pa kar 10-krat večje. Prokariontom zadošča ena sama krožna molekula DNK, ki se prosto giblje po citoplazmi.
Evkarionti imajo DNK organiziran v kromosome - več linearnih molekul DNK, spravljen v jedru. Imajo tudi bogat nabor organelov: mitohondrije za energijo, endoplazmatski retikulum za transport, Golgijev aparat za pakiranje snovi.
Celična stena je pri prokariontih skoraj vedno prisotna in zgrajena iz peptidoglikana. Pri evkariontih jo imajo rastline (celuloza), glive (hitin), živali pa sploh ne.
Delitev prokariontov je preprosta - binarna fisija (preprosto se prerežejo na pol). Evkarionti imajo zapleteno mitozo ali mejozo.
Skupne lastnosti in razlike v praksi
Kljub razlikam imajo vse celice nekaj skupnega - celično membrano, ki nadzoruje, kaj gre noter in ven iz celice. Citoplazma je tekočina, ki zapolni celico, ribosomi pa mesta, kjer nastajajo beljakovine.
Ribosomi so pomembni - prokariontski so manjši, evkariontski večji. Lahko so prosto v citoplazmi ali pa vezani na endoplazmatski retikulum. Ampak pozor - ribosomi NISO organeli, ker nimajo membrane okoli sebe!
Obe vrsti celic imata dedni material (DNK), vendar različno organiziran. To je temelj življenja - navodila za delovanje celice.
Pasti na testih: Nukleoid ni jedro (nima membrane)! Ribosomi niso organeli! Vsi prokarioti so enocelični, evkarionti lahko tudi mnogocelični.
Primeri organizmov v naravi
Prokarionte predstavljajo bakterije - npr. E. coli v našem črevesju ali streptokoki, ki povzročajo angino. Sem spadajo tudi arheje, ki preživijo v ekstremnih razmerah (vroči vrelci, slana jezera).
Evkarionti so razdeljeni v več skupin. Protisti so enocelični evkarionti (ameba, paramecij), glive imajo celično steno iz hitina (kvasovke, gobe). Rastline imajo kloroplaste za fotosintezo in celično steno iz celuloze.
Živalske celice (tudi naše) nimajo celične stene, imajo pa številne organele. Mišične celice, živčne celice, kožne celice - vse so evkariontske.
Zapomni si sestavo celičnih sten: bakterije → peptidoglikan, rastline → celuloza, glive → hitin, živali → brez celične stene!
Hiter pregled za ponavljanje
Prokariontske celice so kot garsonjera - vse v enem prostoru. BREZ jedra, DNK prosto v nukleoidu, BREZ membranskih organelov. Manjše, enostavnejše, samo enocelični organizmi. Primer: bakterije.
Evkariontske celice so kot hiša z več sobami - vsak organel ima svojo funkcijo. IMAJO jedro z membrano, DNK v kromosomih, IMAJO organele (mitohondrije, ER, Golgi...). Večje, kompleksnejše, lahko mnogocelične. Primeri: rastline, živali, glive, protisti.
Skupne lastnosti: celična membrana, citoplazma, ribosomi, DNK. To je temelj vseh celic ne glede na tip.
Za test: Glavna razlika je prisotnost/odsotnost pravega jedra z membrano. Vse ostalo izhaja iz te osnovne razlike!
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
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The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Razlika med Prokariontskimi in Evkariontskimi Celicami
Celice so kot hiše - nekatere so kot garsonjere (vse v enem prostoru), druge pa kot prave hiše z ločenimi sobami. Poznavanje te razlike ti bo pomagalo razumeti celotno biologijo, od bakterij do človeških celic.
Osnove prokariontskih in evkariontskih celic
Že ime pove vse - prokariontska celica (pred jedrom) nima pravega jedra, medtem ko evkariontska celica (pravo jedro) ima pravo celično jedro z ovojnico. To je osnovna razdelitev vseh celic na Zemlji.
Prokariontske celice so enostavnejše - dedni material (DNK) prosto plava po citoplazmi v območju, ki mu rečemo nukleoid. Nimajo z membrano obdanih organelov, so manjše in se hitro delijo.
Evkariontske celice so večje in kompleksnejše. Njihov dedni material je varno shranjen v celičnem jedru, obdanem z dvojno membrano. Imajo tudi številne organele - to so kot "mali organi" celice, vsak s svojo nalogo.
Zapomniti si: Če ima celica jedro z membrano → evkariont. Če nima → prokariont. To je ključna razlika!
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Primerjava lastnosti obeh tipov celic
Velikost takoj pove zgodbo - prokariontske celice so drobcene , evkariontske pa kar 10-krat večje. Prokariontom zadošča ena sama krožna molekula DNK, ki se prosto giblje po citoplazmi.
Evkarionti imajo DNK organiziran v kromosome - več linearnih molekul DNK, spravljen v jedru. Imajo tudi bogat nabor organelov: mitohondrije za energijo, endoplazmatski retikulum za transport, Golgijev aparat za pakiranje snovi.
Celična stena je pri prokariontih skoraj vedno prisotna in zgrajena iz peptidoglikana. Pri evkariontih jo imajo rastline (celuloza), glive (hitin), živali pa sploh ne.
Delitev prokariontov je preprosta - binarna fisija (preprosto se prerežejo na pol). Evkarionti imajo zapleteno mitozo ali mejozo.
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Skupne lastnosti in razlike v praksi
Kljub razlikam imajo vse celice nekaj skupnega - celično membrano, ki nadzoruje, kaj gre noter in ven iz celice. Citoplazma je tekočina, ki zapolni celico, ribosomi pa mesta, kjer nastajajo beljakovine.
Ribosomi so pomembni - prokariontski so manjši, evkariontski večji. Lahko so prosto v citoplazmi ali pa vezani na endoplazmatski retikulum. Ampak pozor - ribosomi NISO organeli, ker nimajo membrane okoli sebe!
Obe vrsti celic imata dedni material (DNK), vendar različno organiziran. To je temelj življenja - navodila za delovanje celice.
Pasti na testih: Nukleoid ni jedro (nima membrane)! Ribosomi niso organeli! Vsi prokarioti so enocelični, evkarionti lahko tudi mnogocelični.
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Primeri organizmov v naravi
Prokarionte predstavljajo bakterije - npr. E. coli v našem črevesju ali streptokoki, ki povzročajo angino. Sem spadajo tudi arheje, ki preživijo v ekstremnih razmerah (vroči vrelci, slana jezera).
Evkarionti so razdeljeni v več skupin. Protisti so enocelični evkarionti (ameba, paramecij), glive imajo celično steno iz hitina (kvasovke, gobe). Rastline imajo kloroplaste za fotosintezo in celično steno iz celuloze.
Živalske celice (tudi naše) nimajo celične stene, imajo pa številne organele. Mišične celice, živčne celice, kožne celice - vse so evkariontske.
Zapomni si sestavo celičnih sten: bakterije → peptidoglikan, rastline → celuloza, glive → hitin, živali → brez celične stene!
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Hiter pregled za ponavljanje
Prokariontske celice so kot garsonjera - vse v enem prostoru. BREZ jedra, DNK prosto v nukleoidu, BREZ membranskih organelov. Manjše, enostavnejše, samo enocelični organizmi. Primer: bakterije.
Evkariontske celice so kot hiša z več sobami - vsak organel ima svojo funkcijo. IMAJO jedro z membrano, DNK v kromosomih, IMAJO organele (mitohondrije, ER, Golgi...). Večje, kompleksnejše, lahko mnogocelične. Primeri: rastline, živali, glive, protisti.
Skupne lastnosti: celična membrana, citoplazma, ribosomi, DNK. To je temelj vseh celic ne glede na tip.
Za test: Glavna razlika je prisotnost/odsotnost pravega jedra z membrano. Vse ostalo izhaja iz te osnovne razlike!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user