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Updated Apr 1, 2026

5 pages

Beljakovine: Gradniki Življenja

Beljakovine so ena od najpomembnejših vrst organskih molekul v živih... Show more

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# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Osnove beljakovin

Beljakovine so ogromne molekule, sestavljene iz manjših delov, ki jim pravimo aminokisline. V naravi poznamo 20 različnih aminokislin, ki se kot kocke lego povezujejo v različne kombinacije.

Predstavljaj si beljakovine kot dolge ogrlice, kjer je vsak biser druga aminokislina. Te "ogrlice" se nato zvijejo v posebne oblike, ki določajo, kaj bo beljakovina počela v telesu.

Peptidna vez je močna povezava med dvema aminokislinama. Nastane tako, da se odcepi molekula vode - ta proces se imenuje kondenzacija. Ko se več aminokislin poveže skupaj, nastane polipeptid.

💡 Pomembno za test: Beljakovina ni isto kot polipeptid! Beljakovina je končni produkt, ki lahko vsebuje enega ali več polipeptidov.

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Zgradba aminokislin

Vsaka aminokislina ima enako osnovno zgradbo, kot da bi bile vse narejene po istem receptu. V sredini je ogljikov atom, nanj pa so vezani štirje različni deli.

Prvi del je amino skupina NH2-NH2, ki je bazična. Drugi del je karboksilna skupina COOH-COOH, ki je kisla. Tretji del je preprost vodikov atom H-H.

Najbolj zanimiv pa je četrti del - stranska veriga ali R-skupina. Ta je pri vsaki od 20 aminokislin drugačna in določa njene posebne lastnosti. Nekatere so polarne, druge nepolarne, tretje kisla, četrte bazične.

💡 Zapomni si: R-skupina je tisto, kar naredi vsako aminokislino edinstveno!

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Kako nastanejo beljakovine

Proces nastanka beljakovin si lahko predstavljaš kot sestavljanje verige iz perl. Karboksilna skupina ene aminokisline se "prime" amino skupine druge aminokisline.

Pri tej reakciji se odcepi molekula vode (H2O) - to se imenuje kondenzacija ali dehidracijska sinteza. Nastala vez je peptidna vez, ki je zelo močna in trpežna.

Ko se dve aminokislini povežeta, nastane dipeptid. Tri aminokisline tvorijo tripeptid, veliko pa polipeptid. Ta dolga veriga se nato zvije v prostoru in tvori delujočo beljakovino.

Zelo pomembno je razumeti, da oblika beljakovine določa njeno funkcijo. Če se oblika spremeni, beljakovina ne more več opravljati svoje naloge - to se imenuje denaturacija.

💡 Ključna formula: Zaporedje aminokislin → 3D oblika → Specifična funkcija

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Denaturacija in funkcije beljakovin

Denaturacija je proces, pri katerem beljakovina izgubi svojo značilno obliko in s tem tudi funkcijo. Najbolj pogosti vzroki so visoka temperatura in spremenjene pH vrednosti.

Denaturacija je ponavadi nepovratna - skuhanega jajca ne moreš več spremeniti nazaj v surovo! To se zgodi, ker se tridimenzionalna struktura beljakovine poruši in se ne more več pravilno sestaviti.

Beljakovine opravljajo različne naloge v telesu. Encimi pospešujejo kemijske reakcije, strukturne beljakovine dajejo oporo (npr. kolagen v koži), transportne prenašajo snovi (npr. hemoglobin kisik), obrambne pa nas ščitijo pred boleznimi.

Zapomni si glavno pravilo: že zamenjava ene same aminokisline v verigi lahko povzroči, da beljakovina ne deluje pravilno. To kaže, kako natančno je narava sestavila te molekule!

💡 Za test: Glavna vzroka denaturacije sta vročina in ekstremne pH vrednosti (zelo kislo ali bazično okolje).

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih


We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Most popular content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.6/5

App Store

4.7/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

 

Biologija

93

Updated Apr 1, 2026

5 pages

Beljakovine: Gradniki Življenja

Beljakovine so ena od najpomembnejših vrst organskih molekul v živih bitjih. Delujejo kot "delavci" v celici in opravljajo ogromno različnih nalog v telesu, od prenašanja kisika do branjevja pred boleznimi.

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Osnove beljakovin

Beljakovine so ogromne molekule, sestavljene iz manjših delov, ki jim pravimo aminokisline. V naravi poznamo 20 različnih aminokislin, ki se kot kocke lego povezujejo v različne kombinacije.

Predstavljaj si beljakovine kot dolge ogrlice, kjer je vsak biser druga aminokislina. Te "ogrlice" se nato zvijejo v posebne oblike, ki določajo, kaj bo beljakovina počela v telesu.

Peptidna vez je močna povezava med dvema aminokislinama. Nastane tako, da se odcepi molekula vode - ta proces se imenuje kondenzacija. Ko se več aminokislin poveže skupaj, nastane polipeptid.

💡 Pomembno za test: Beljakovina ni isto kot polipeptid! Beljakovina je končni produkt, ki lahko vsebuje enega ali več polipeptidov.

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Zgradba aminokislin

Vsaka aminokislina ima enako osnovno zgradbo, kot da bi bile vse narejene po istem receptu. V sredini je ogljikov atom, nanj pa so vezani štirje različni deli.

Prvi del je amino skupina NH2-NH2, ki je bazična. Drugi del je karboksilna skupina COOH-COOH, ki je kisla. Tretji del je preprost vodikov atom H-H.

Najbolj zanimiv pa je četrti del - stranska veriga ali R-skupina. Ta je pri vsaki od 20 aminokislin drugačna in določa njene posebne lastnosti. Nekatere so polarne, druge nepolarne, tretje kisla, četrte bazične.

💡 Zapomni si: R-skupina je tisto, kar naredi vsako aminokislino edinstveno!

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Kako nastanejo beljakovine

Proces nastanka beljakovin si lahko predstavljaš kot sestavljanje verige iz perl. Karboksilna skupina ene aminokisline se "prime" amino skupine druge aminokisline.

Pri tej reakciji se odcepi molekula vode (H2O) - to se imenuje kondenzacija ali dehidracijska sinteza. Nastala vez je peptidna vez, ki je zelo močna in trpežna.

Ko se dve aminokislini povežeta, nastane dipeptid. Tri aminokisline tvorijo tripeptid, veliko pa polipeptid. Ta dolga veriga se nato zvije v prostoru in tvori delujočo beljakovino.

Zelo pomembno je razumeti, da oblika beljakovine določa njeno funkcijo. Če se oblika spremeni, beljakovina ne more več opravljati svoje naloge - to se imenuje denaturacija.

💡 Ključna formula: Zaporedje aminokislin → 3D oblika → Specifična funkcija

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Denaturacija in funkcije beljakovin

Denaturacija je proces, pri katerem beljakovina izgubi svojo značilno obliko in s tem tudi funkcijo. Najbolj pogosti vzroki so visoka temperatura in spremenjene pH vrednosti.

Denaturacija je ponavadi nepovratna - skuhanega jajca ne moreš več spremeniti nazaj v surovo! To se zgodi, ker se tridimenzionalna struktura beljakovine poruši in se ne more več pravilno sestaviti.

Beljakovine opravljajo različne naloge v telesu. Encimi pospešujejo kemijske reakcije, strukturne beljakovine dajejo oporo (npr. kolagen v koži), transportne prenašajo snovi (npr. hemoglobin kisik), obrambne pa nas ščitijo pred boleznimi.

Zapomni si glavno pravilo: že zamenjava ene same aminokisline v verigi lahko povzroči, da beljakovina ne deluje pravilno. To kaže, kako natančno je narava sestavila te molekule!

💡 Za test: Glavna vzroka denaturacije sta vročina in ekstremne pH vrednosti (zelo kislo ali bazično okolje).

# Organske molekule:
beljakovine

Splošno o beljakovinah

Beljakovine (ali proteini) so ene od štirih glavnih vrst organskih molekul v živih

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.6/5

App Store

4.7/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user