Beljakovine so ena od najpomembnejših vrst organskih molekul v živih... Show more
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Updated Apr 1, 2026
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Beljakovine so ena od najpomembnejših vrst organskih molekul v živih... Show more






Beljakovine so ogromne molekule, sestavljene iz manjših delov, ki jim pravimo aminokisline. V naravi poznamo 20 različnih aminokislin, ki se kot kocke lego povezujejo v različne kombinacije.
Predstavljaj si beljakovine kot dolge ogrlice, kjer je vsak biser druga aminokislina. Te "ogrlice" se nato zvijejo v posebne oblike, ki določajo, kaj bo beljakovina počela v telesu.
Peptidna vez je močna povezava med dvema aminokislinama. Nastane tako, da se odcepi molekula vode - ta proces se imenuje kondenzacija. Ko se več aminokislin poveže skupaj, nastane polipeptid.
💡 Pomembno za test: Beljakovina ni isto kot polipeptid! Beljakovina je končni produkt, ki lahko vsebuje enega ali več polipeptidov.

Vsaka aminokislina ima enako osnovno zgradbo, kot da bi bile vse narejene po istem receptu. V sredini je ogljikov atom, nanj pa so vezani štirje različni deli.
Prvi del je amino skupina , ki je bazična. Drugi del je karboksilna skupina , ki je kisla. Tretji del je preprost vodikov atom .
Najbolj zanimiv pa je četrti del - stranska veriga ali R-skupina. Ta je pri vsaki od 20 aminokislin drugačna in določa njene posebne lastnosti. Nekatere so polarne, druge nepolarne, tretje kisla, četrte bazične.
💡 Zapomni si: R-skupina je tisto, kar naredi vsako aminokislino edinstveno!

Proces nastanka beljakovin si lahko predstavljaš kot sestavljanje verige iz perl. Karboksilna skupina ene aminokisline se "prime" amino skupine druge aminokisline.
Pri tej reakciji se odcepi molekula vode (H2O) - to se imenuje kondenzacija ali dehidracijska sinteza. Nastala vez je peptidna vez, ki je zelo močna in trpežna.
Ko se dve aminokislini povežeta, nastane dipeptid. Tri aminokisline tvorijo tripeptid, veliko pa polipeptid. Ta dolga veriga se nato zvije v prostoru in tvori delujočo beljakovino.
Zelo pomembno je razumeti, da oblika beljakovine določa njeno funkcijo. Če se oblika spremeni, beljakovina ne more več opravljati svoje naloge - to se imenuje denaturacija.
💡 Ključna formula: Zaporedje aminokislin → 3D oblika → Specifična funkcija

Denaturacija je proces, pri katerem beljakovina izgubi svojo značilno obliko in s tem tudi funkcijo. Najbolj pogosti vzroki so visoka temperatura in spremenjene pH vrednosti.
Denaturacija je ponavadi nepovratna - skuhanega jajca ne moreš več spremeniti nazaj v surovo! To se zgodi, ker se tridimenzionalna struktura beljakovine poruši in se ne more več pravilno sestaviti.
Beljakovine opravljajo različne naloge v telesu. Encimi pospešujejo kemijske reakcije, strukturne beljakovine dajejo oporo (npr. kolagen v koži), transportne prenašajo snovi (npr. hemoglobin kisik), obrambne pa nas ščitijo pred boleznimi.
Zapomni si glavno pravilo: že zamenjava ene same aminokisline v verigi lahko povzroči, da beljakovina ne deluje pravilno. To kaže, kako natančno je narava sestavila te molekule!
💡 Za test: Glavna vzroka denaturacije sta vročina in ekstremne pH vrednosti (zelo kislo ali bazično okolje).

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Beljakovine so ena od najpomembnejših vrst organskih molekul v živih bitjih. Delujejo kot "delavci" v celici in opravljajo ogromno različnih nalog v telesu, od prenašanja kisika do branjevja pred boleznimi.

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Beljakovine so ogromne molekule, sestavljene iz manjših delov, ki jim pravimo aminokisline. V naravi poznamo 20 različnih aminokislin, ki se kot kocke lego povezujejo v različne kombinacije.
Predstavljaj si beljakovine kot dolge ogrlice, kjer je vsak biser druga aminokislina. Te "ogrlice" se nato zvijejo v posebne oblike, ki določajo, kaj bo beljakovina počela v telesu.
Peptidna vez je močna povezava med dvema aminokislinama. Nastane tako, da se odcepi molekula vode - ta proces se imenuje kondenzacija. Ko se več aminokislin poveže skupaj, nastane polipeptid.
💡 Pomembno za test: Beljakovina ni isto kot polipeptid! Beljakovina je končni produkt, ki lahko vsebuje enega ali več polipeptidov.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Vsaka aminokislina ima enako osnovno zgradbo, kot da bi bile vse narejene po istem receptu. V sredini je ogljikov atom, nanj pa so vezani štirje različni deli.
Prvi del je amino skupina , ki je bazična. Drugi del je karboksilna skupina , ki je kisla. Tretji del je preprost vodikov atom .
Najbolj zanimiv pa je četrti del - stranska veriga ali R-skupina. Ta je pri vsaki od 20 aminokislin drugačna in določa njene posebne lastnosti. Nekatere so polarne, druge nepolarne, tretje kisla, četrte bazične.
💡 Zapomni si: R-skupina je tisto, kar naredi vsako aminokislino edinstveno!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Proces nastanka beljakovin si lahko predstavljaš kot sestavljanje verige iz perl. Karboksilna skupina ene aminokisline se "prime" amino skupine druge aminokisline.
Pri tej reakciji se odcepi molekula vode (H2O) - to se imenuje kondenzacija ali dehidracijska sinteza. Nastala vez je peptidna vez, ki je zelo močna in trpežna.
Ko se dve aminokislini povežeta, nastane dipeptid. Tri aminokisline tvorijo tripeptid, veliko pa polipeptid. Ta dolga veriga se nato zvije v prostoru in tvori delujočo beljakovino.
Zelo pomembno je razumeti, da oblika beljakovine določa njeno funkcijo. Če se oblika spremeni, beljakovina ne more več opravljati svoje naloge - to se imenuje denaturacija.
💡 Ključna formula: Zaporedje aminokislin → 3D oblika → Specifična funkcija

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Denaturacija je proces, pri katerem beljakovina izgubi svojo značilno obliko in s tem tudi funkcijo. Najbolj pogosti vzroki so visoka temperatura in spremenjene pH vrednosti.
Denaturacija je ponavadi nepovratna - skuhanega jajca ne moreš več spremeniti nazaj v surovo! To se zgodi, ker se tridimenzionalna struktura beljakovine poruši in se ne more več pravilno sestaviti.
Beljakovine opravljajo različne naloge v telesu. Encimi pospešujejo kemijske reakcije, strukturne beljakovine dajejo oporo (npr. kolagen v koži), transportne prenašajo snovi (npr. hemoglobin kisik), obrambne pa nas ščitijo pred boleznimi.
Zapomni si glavno pravilo: že zamenjava ene same aminokisline v verigi lahko povzroči, da beljakovina ne deluje pravilno. To kaže, kako natančno je narava sestavila te molekule!
💡 Za test: Glavna vzroka denaturacije sta vročina in ekstremne pH vrednosti (zelo kislo ali bazično okolje).

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user