Celični cikel in mitoza sta temeljna procesa, ki omogočata rast,... Show more
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Updated May 10, 2026
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Faze celičnega cikla in pomen mitoze
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Celični cikel in mitoza - uvod
Predstavljaj si, da je vsaka celica v tvojem telesu kot mini tovarna, ki ima svoj življenjski krog. Celični cikel je natanko to - zaporedje dogodkov od nastanka celice do njene delitve v dve novi celici.
Ta proces ni samo teoretična zadeva iz učbenikov. Ko se ti celi rana na koži, ko rasteš ali ko se ti lasi podaljšajo - vse to se dogaja zaradi celičnih delitev. Vsak dan se v tvojem telesu izvede milijarde takšnih delitev!
Mitoza je posebej pomemben del tega procesa, kjer se celično jedro razdeli tako, da nastaneta dve popolnoma enaki celici. Skupaj s citokinezo (delitvijo citoplazme) poskrbi, da ima vsaka nova celica vse, kar potrebuje za življenje.
💡 Zanimivost: Vse celice v tvojem telesu (razen spolnih celic) so nastale z mitozo iz ene same celice - zigote!
Interfaza - priprave na delitev
Interfaza je najdaljši del celičnega cikla - traja kar 90% celotnega časa! V tem času celica ni lena, ampak se intenzivno pripravlja na delitev.
Interfaza se deli na tri faze. V fazi G1 celica raste kot nor in izdeluje proteine ter organele. To je kot da gradimo novo hišo in kupujemo vso opremo. V fazi S se zgodi najważniejszy dogodek - podvojitev DNK! Vsak kromosom dobi svojo kopijo in postane sestavljen iz dveh sestrskih kromatid.
Faza G2 je zadnja priprava pred veliko delitvijo. Celica še malo zraste in pripravi vse proteine, ki jih bo potrebovala za mitozo. To je kot zadnji pregled pred izpitom - preveri se, ali je vse pripravljeno.
💡 Pomni: Po fazi S ima celica podvojeno količino DNK, vendar še vedno isto število kromosomov (le da ima vsak dve kromatidi)!
M-faza - prava akcija se začne
M-faza je najkrajši, a najbolj spektakularen del celičnega cikla. Tu se celica dejansko razdeli na dve novi celici. Vsebuje mitozo (delitev jedra) in citokinezo (delitev citoplazme).
Mitoza ima štiri jasno ločene faze, ki si jih lahko zapomniš z akronimom PMAT. V profazi se kromatin začne zvijati v vidne kromosome, jedrni ovoj izgine in začne se oblikovati delitveno vreteno. To je začetek velikega preoblikovanja celice.
V metafazi se vsi kromosomi lepo postavijo v sredino celice na metafazno ploščo. Spominja na vojake, ki se postavijo v vrsto pred marširanjem. Niti delitvenega vretena se pripnejo na centromere kromosomov.
💡 Trik za pomnjenje: Metafaza = na mEzi (sredini), Anafaza = Adijo (narazen)!
Anafaza in telofaza - veliki finale
V anafazi se zgodi najbolj dramatičen trenutek mitoze. Centromere se razdelijo in sestrski kromatidi se ločijo. Niti delitvenega vretena jih potegnejo na nasprotna pola celice kot vlak, ki vleče vagone.
Telofaza je kot profaza v obratni smeri. Kromosomi se sprostijo nazaj v kromatin, okoli vsake skupine se oblikuje nov jedrni ovoj in delitveno vreteno izgine. Sedaj imamo v eni celici dve jedri!
Citokineza je končni korak, kjer se citoplazma fizično razdeli. Pri živalskih celicah se membrana ušči in tvori delitveno brazdo, ki celico preščipne na pol. Pri rastlinskih celicah pa se oblikuje celična plošča, ker imajo trdo celično steno.
💡 Rezultat mitoze: Iz ene materinske celice nastaneta dve genetsko popolnoma enaki hčerinski celici z enakim številom kromosomov!
Pomen mitoze v vsakdanjem življenju
Mitoza ni samo abstrakten proces - je ključna za tvoje vsakdanje življenje! Ko se prereže v prst, se poškodovane kožne celice nadomestijo z novimi preko mitoze. Tvoje rdeče krvničke živijo le 120 dni, nato jih kostni mozeg nadomesti z novimi.
Vsa tvoja rast od dojenčka do sedaj je rezultat milijonov mitotskih delitev. Vse telesne celice (kožne, jetrne, mišične) so nastale z mitozo in so zato genetsko enake. Pri rastlinah mitoza omogoča tudi nespolno razmnoževanje - iz enega potaknjenca zraste nova rastlina.
Nadzor celičnega cikla je izredno pomemben. Celica ima kontrolne točke, kjer preveri, ali je vse v redu, preden nadaljuje. Če ta nadzor odpove in se celice začnejo deliti nenadzorovano, lahko nastane tumor ali rak.
💡 Pogosta napaka: Ne zamenjuj mitoze z mejozo! Mitoza = 2 enaki diploidni celici, mejoza = 4 različne haploidne celice (spolne celice).
We thought you’d never ask...
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Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Biologija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Faze celičnega cikla in pomen mitoze
Celični cikel in mitoza sta temeljna procesa, ki omogočata rast, obnavljanje in celo življenje vseh živih bitij. To je zgodba o tem, kako se celice delijo in ustvarjajo nove kopije sebe.
Celični cikel in mitoza - uvod
Predstavljaj si, da je vsaka celica v tvojem telesu kot mini tovarna, ki ima svoj življenjski krog. Celični cikel je natanko to - zaporedje dogodkov od nastanka celice do njene delitve v dve novi celici.
Ta proces ni samo teoretična zadeva iz učbenikov. Ko se ti celi rana na koži, ko rasteš ali ko se ti lasi podaljšajo - vse to se dogaja zaradi celičnih delitev. Vsak dan se v tvojem telesu izvede milijarde takšnih delitev!
Mitoza je posebej pomemben del tega procesa, kjer se celično jedro razdeli tako, da nastaneta dve popolnoma enaki celici. Skupaj s citokinezo (delitvijo citoplazme) poskrbi, da ima vsaka nova celica vse, kar potrebuje za življenje.
💡 Zanimivost: Vse celice v tvojem telesu (razen spolnih celic) so nastale z mitozo iz ene same celice - zigote!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Interfaza - priprave na delitev
Interfaza je najdaljši del celičnega cikla - traja kar 90% celotnega časa! V tem času celica ni lena, ampak se intenzivno pripravlja na delitev.
Interfaza se deli na tri faze. V fazi G1 celica raste kot nor in izdeluje proteine ter organele. To je kot da gradimo novo hišo in kupujemo vso opremo. V fazi S se zgodi najważniejszy dogodek - podvojitev DNK! Vsak kromosom dobi svojo kopijo in postane sestavljen iz dveh sestrskih kromatid.
Faza G2 je zadnja priprava pred veliko delitvijo. Celica še malo zraste in pripravi vse proteine, ki jih bo potrebovala za mitozo. To je kot zadnji pregled pred izpitom - preveri se, ali je vse pripravljeno.
💡 Pomni: Po fazi S ima celica podvojeno količino DNK, vendar še vedno isto število kromosomov (le da ima vsak dve kromatidi)!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
M-faza - prava akcija se začne
M-faza je najkrajši, a najbolj spektakularen del celičnega cikla. Tu se celica dejansko razdeli na dve novi celici. Vsebuje mitozo (delitev jedra) in citokinezo (delitev citoplazme).
Mitoza ima štiri jasno ločene faze, ki si jih lahko zapomniš z akronimom PMAT. V profazi se kromatin začne zvijati v vidne kromosome, jedrni ovoj izgine in začne se oblikovati delitveno vreteno. To je začetek velikega preoblikovanja celice.
V metafazi se vsi kromosomi lepo postavijo v sredino celice na metafazno ploščo. Spominja na vojake, ki se postavijo v vrsto pred marširanjem. Niti delitvenega vretena se pripnejo na centromere kromosomov.
💡 Trik za pomnjenje: Metafaza = na mEzi (sredini), Anafaza = Adijo (narazen)!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Anafaza in telofaza - veliki finale
V anafazi se zgodi najbolj dramatičen trenutek mitoze. Centromere se razdelijo in sestrski kromatidi se ločijo. Niti delitvenega vretena jih potegnejo na nasprotna pola celice kot vlak, ki vleče vagone.
Telofaza je kot profaza v obratni smeri. Kromosomi se sprostijo nazaj v kromatin, okoli vsake skupine se oblikuje nov jedrni ovoj in delitveno vreteno izgine. Sedaj imamo v eni celici dve jedri!
Citokineza je končni korak, kjer se citoplazma fizično razdeli. Pri živalskih celicah se membrana ušči in tvori delitveno brazdo, ki celico preščipne na pol. Pri rastlinskih celicah pa se oblikuje celična plošča, ker imajo trdo celično steno.
💡 Rezultat mitoze: Iz ene materinske celice nastaneta dve genetsko popolnoma enaki hčerinski celici z enakim številom kromosomov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Pomen mitoze v vsakdanjem življenju
Mitoza ni samo abstrakten proces - je ključna za tvoje vsakdanje življenje! Ko se prereže v prst, se poškodovane kožne celice nadomestijo z novimi preko mitoze. Tvoje rdeče krvničke živijo le 120 dni, nato jih kostni mozeg nadomesti z novimi.
Vsa tvoja rast od dojenčka do sedaj je rezultat milijonov mitotskih delitev. Vse telesne celice (kožne, jetrne, mišične) so nastale z mitozo in so zato genetsko enake. Pri rastlinah mitoza omogoča tudi nespolno razmnoževanje - iz enega potaknjenca zraste nova rastlina.
Nadzor celičnega cikla je izredno pomemben. Celica ima kontrolne točke, kjer preveri, ali je vse v redu, preden nadaljuje. Če ta nadzor odpove in se celice začnejo deliti nenadzorovano, lahko nastane tumor ali rak.
💡 Pogosta napaka: Ne zamenjuj mitoze z mejozo! Mitoza = 2 enaki diploidni celici, mejoza = 4 različne haploidne celice (spolne celice).
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Biologija
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user