Dýchacia sústava je tvoj životne dôležitý systém, ktorý zabezpečuje, že... Show more
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Updated Apr 4, 2026
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Funkcia a Štruktúra Dýchacej Sústavy
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Základné pojmy dýchacej sústavy
Dýchanie nie je len to, keď sa nadýchneš a vydýchneš - je to celý komplikovaný systém. Vonkajšie dýchanie prebieha v pľúcach, kde sa kyslík dostáva z vzduchu do krvi a oxid uhličitý z krvi do vzduchu.
Vnútorné dýchanie sa deje v tkanivách, kde bunky preberajú kyslík z krvi a odovzdávajú jej oxid uhličitý. Celý systém funguje vďaka difúzii - plyny sa jednoducho presúvajú tam, kde ich je menej.
Najdôležitejšie orgány sú pľúca s alveolami (malé vzduchové vačky) a bránica - veľký sval, ktorý ti pomáha dýchať. Tieto časti spolupracujú ako dokonale nastavený stroj.
Tip: Pamätaj si, že difúzia je základ všetkého - plyny sa vždy presúvajú tam, kde je ich menej koncentrovaných!
Stavba dýchacej sústavy
Tvoja dýchacia sústava je ako sofistikovaná klimatizácia s filtračným systémom. Nosová dutina vzduch ohrieva, zvlhčuje a čistí od nečistôt pomocou chĺpkov a hlienu - preto je lepšie dýchať nosom než ústami.
Vzduch pokračuje cez hltan do hrtana, kde máš hlasivky na rozprávanie. Priedušnica je vystužená chrupavkovými prstencami, aby sa nezrútila, a má špeciálne riasinky, ktoré posúvajú hlien s nečistotami von.
V pľúcach sa priedušky rozvetvujú na stále menšie priedušničky, až sa dostanú k alveolom. Tieto malé vačky sú obklopené hustou sieťou krvných vlásočníc a tu sa deje tá najdôležitejšia vec - výmena plynov medzi vzduchom a krvou.
Zaujímavosť: Pravé pľúca majú 3 laloky, ľavé len 2 - museli urobiť miesto pre srdce!
Mechanizmus dýchania
Dýchanie funguje na princípe zmien tlaku - je to ako ručné pumpovacie zariadenie. Pri nádychu sa bránica stiahne a klesne, medzirebrové svaly zdvihnú rebrá, čím sa zväčší objem hrudníka.
Keď sa objem zväčší, tlak v pľúcach klesne pod atmosférický tlak. Vzduch automaticky prúdi z vonkajšieju (vyšší tlak) do pľúc (nižší tlak). Je to úplne prirodzené!
Pri výdychu sa všetko deje naopak - bránica aj medzirebrové svaly sa uvoľnia, objem hrudníka sa zmenší, tlak stúpne a vzduch prúdi von. Pri pokojnom dýchaní je výdych pasívny proces.
Skús si: Polož ruku na brucho a pocíť, ako sa bránica pohybuje hore-dole pri dýchaní!
Výmena plynov
Tu sa deje tá najdôležitejšia vec! V alveolách má vzduch viac kyslíka ako krv v kapilárach okolo nich. Kyslík preto difúziou prechádza do krvi, zatiaľ čo oxid uhličitý ide opačným smerom - z krvi do vzduchu.
V tkanivách je situácia opačná. Krv prináša kyslík k bunkám, ktoré ho potrebujú na výrobu energie. Bunky kyslík spotrebujú a vyprodukujú oxid uhličitý, ktorý krv odvezieme späť do pľúc.
Transport plynov je tiež zaujímavý - kyslík sa viaže na hemoglobín v červených krvinkách (vzniká oxyhemoglobín), zatiaľ čo oxid uhličitý sa transportuje hlavne ako hydrogénuhličitany v krvnej plazme.
Dôležité: Celý systém funguje ako kolotoč - krv neustále cirkuluje medzi pľúcami a tkanivami!
Prečo sa zadýchavám a iné zaujímavosti
Keď bežíš, tvoje svaly potrebujú oveľa viac energie, a teda aj kyslíka. Dýchacie centrum v mozgu automaticky zvýši frekvenciu dýchania, aby si dostal viac kyslíka a zbavil sa prebytočného oxidu uhličitého.
Dýchanie nosom je skutočne lepšie ako ústami - vzduch sa lepšie ohreje, zvlhčí a vyčistí. Keď dýchaš ústami, vzduch nie je tak dobre pripravený a môže dráždiť dýchacie cesty.
Zaujímavé je aj to, že keď zadržíš dych, mozog reaguje hlavne na zvýšenie oxidu uhličitého, nie na nedostatok kyslíka. Preto máš tak silnú potrebu nadýchnuť sa, aj keď si myslíš, že by si vydržal dlhšie.
Varovanie: Fajčenie vážne poškodzuje riasinky v dýchacích cestách a ničí alveoly - môže to viesť k vážnym chorobám!
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Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Funkcia a Štruktúra Dýchacej Sústavy
Dýchacia sústava je tvoj životne dôležitý systém, ktorý zabezpečuje, že do tela dostaneš kyslík a zbavíš sa oxidu uhličitého. Bez kyslíka by tvoje bunky nemohli vyrábať energiu a ty by si nemohol žiť. Tento proces sa volá dýchanie a je... Show more
Základné pojmy dýchacej sústavy
Dýchanie nie je len to, keď sa nadýchneš a vydýchneš - je to celý komplikovaný systém. Vonkajšie dýchanie prebieha v pľúcach, kde sa kyslík dostáva z vzduchu do krvi a oxid uhličitý z krvi do vzduchu.
Vnútorné dýchanie sa deje v tkanivách, kde bunky preberajú kyslík z krvi a odovzdávajú jej oxid uhličitý. Celý systém funguje vďaka difúzii - plyny sa jednoducho presúvajú tam, kde ich je menej.
Najdôležitejšie orgány sú pľúca s alveolami (malé vzduchové vačky) a bránica - veľký sval, ktorý ti pomáha dýchať. Tieto časti spolupracujú ako dokonale nastavený stroj.
Tip: Pamätaj si, že difúzia je základ všetkého - plyny sa vždy presúvajú tam, kde je ich menej koncentrovaných!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
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Stavba dýchacej sústavy
Tvoja dýchacia sústava je ako sofistikovaná klimatizácia s filtračným systémom. Nosová dutina vzduch ohrieva, zvlhčuje a čistí od nečistôt pomocou chĺpkov a hlienu - preto je lepšie dýchať nosom než ústami.
Vzduch pokračuje cez hltan do hrtana, kde máš hlasivky na rozprávanie. Priedušnica je vystužená chrupavkovými prstencami, aby sa nezrútila, a má špeciálne riasinky, ktoré posúvajú hlien s nečistotami von.
V pľúcach sa priedušky rozvetvujú na stále menšie priedušničky, až sa dostanú k alveolom. Tieto malé vačky sú obklopené hustou sieťou krvných vlásočníc a tu sa deje tá najdôležitejšia vec - výmena plynov medzi vzduchom a krvou.
Zaujímavosť: Pravé pľúca majú 3 laloky, ľavé len 2 - museli urobiť miesto pre srdce!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Mechanizmus dýchania
Dýchanie funguje na princípe zmien tlaku - je to ako ručné pumpovacie zariadenie. Pri nádychu sa bránica stiahne a klesne, medzirebrové svaly zdvihnú rebrá, čím sa zväčší objem hrudníka.
Keď sa objem zväčší, tlak v pľúcach klesne pod atmosférický tlak. Vzduch automaticky prúdi z vonkajšieju (vyšší tlak) do pľúc (nižší tlak). Je to úplne prirodzené!
Pri výdychu sa všetko deje naopak - bránica aj medzirebrové svaly sa uvoľnia, objem hrudníka sa zmenší, tlak stúpne a vzduch prúdi von. Pri pokojnom dýchaní je výdych pasívny proces.
Skús si: Polož ruku na brucho a pocíť, ako sa bránica pohybuje hore-dole pri dýchaní!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Výmena plynov
Tu sa deje tá najdôležitejšia vec! V alveolách má vzduch viac kyslíka ako krv v kapilárach okolo nich. Kyslík preto difúziou prechádza do krvi, zatiaľ čo oxid uhličitý ide opačným smerom - z krvi do vzduchu.
V tkanivách je situácia opačná. Krv prináša kyslík k bunkám, ktoré ho potrebujú na výrobu energie. Bunky kyslík spotrebujú a vyprodukujú oxid uhličitý, ktorý krv odvezieme späť do pľúc.
Transport plynov je tiež zaujímavý - kyslík sa viaže na hemoglobín v červených krvinkách (vzniká oxyhemoglobín), zatiaľ čo oxid uhličitý sa transportuje hlavne ako hydrogénuhličitany v krvnej plazme.
Dôležité: Celý systém funguje ako kolotoč - krv neustále cirkuluje medzi pľúcami a tkanivami!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Prečo sa zadýchavám a iné zaujímavosti
Keď bežíš, tvoje svaly potrebujú oveľa viac energie, a teda aj kyslíka. Dýchacie centrum v mozgu automaticky zvýši frekvenciu dýchania, aby si dostal viac kyslíka a zbavil sa prebytočného oxidu uhličitého.
Dýchanie nosom je skutočne lepšie ako ústami - vzduch sa lepšie ohreje, zvlhčí a vyčistí. Keď dýchaš ústami, vzduch nie je tak dobre pripravený a môže dráždiť dýchacie cesty.
Zaujímavé je aj to, že keď zadržíš dych, mozog reaguje hlavne na zvýšenie oxidu uhličitého, nie na nedostatok kyslíka. Preto máš tak silnú potrebu nadýchnuť sa, aj keď si myslíš, že by si vydržal dlhšie.
Varovanie: Fajčenie vážne poškodzuje riasinky v dýchacích cestách a ničí alveoly - môže to viesť k vážnym chorobám!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user