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30 Dec 2025

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2 pages

Understanding Obedience: Exploring Personality Factors

Erica

@erica4

Ever wondered why some people seem naturally more likely to... Show more

Social Influence

Paper 1

OBEDIENCE: DISPOSITIONAL EXPLANATIONS

A01

The authoritarian personality

Procedure

- Adorno et al. (1950) inve

The Authoritarian Personality Theory

Think about people who always respect authority figures and look down on those they see as "weak" - this might describe someone with an authoritarian personality. Adorno's groundbreaking 1950 study tested over 2000 middle-class white Americans using the F-scale (fascism scale) to measure these tendencies.

The research found that people scoring high on authoritarianism showed clear patterns. They identified with powerful people whilst showing contempt for those they perceived as inferior. These individuals were extremely conscious of social status and automatically respected anyone above them in the hierarchy.

Authoritarian personalities typically display several key characteristics. They're especially obedient to authority figures, hold conventional views about gender and race, and believe society needs strong leaders to maintain order. Importantly, they feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and prefer clear, rigid rules.

Key Point: People with authoritarian personalities show a strong correlation with prejudicial attitudes and unquestioning obedience to those in power.

According to this theory, these personality traits develop during childhood through harsh parenting - strict discipline, conditional love, and severe criticism create resentment that gets redirected towards "weaker" groups in society.

Evaluating the Authoritarian Personality

Whilst Milgram found some support for this theory when interviewing his most obedient participants, the research has significant limitations that you need to understand. The biggest issue is that correlation doesn't equal causation - just because authoritarian traits and obedience appear together doesn't mean one causes the other.

The theory struggles to explain mass obedience across entire populations. How could whole countries like Nazi Germany display such uniform obedient behaviour when people's personalities must have varied enormously? Social identity theory often provides better explanations for widespread compliance.

There are serious methodological problems with the original research. The F-scale shows political bias towards right-wing authoritarianism, completely ignoring left-wing forms of obedience to authority. Greenstein famously called it "a comedy of methodological errors" because all questions were worded in the same direction.

Critical Thinking: Remember that Adorno knew participants' test scores before interviewing them about their childhoods, which could have influenced his interpretations.

The research also can't definitively prove that harsh parenting creates authoritarian personalities. Multiple factors likely influence both obedience and personality development, making this dispositional explanation overly simplistic for explaining complex social behaviour.

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Psychology

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851

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30 Dec 2025

•

2 pages

Understanding Obedience: Exploring Personality Factors

Erica

@erica4

Ever wondered why some people seem naturally more likely to follow orders, even when they're questionable? Social psychologists have explored whether certain personality types make people more obedient to authority figures. This fascinating research reveals how our upbringing might shape... Show more

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The Authoritarian Personality Theory

Key Point: People with authoritarian personalities show a strong correlation with prejudicial attitudes and unquestioning obedience to those in power.

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Evaluating the Authoritarian Personality

Critical Thinking: Remember that Adorno knew participants' test scores before interviewing them about their childhoods, which could have influenced his interpretations.