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31 Dec 2025

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2 pages

The Impact of Culture and Media on Gender Roles

Lamisah Chowdhury

@lamisahchowdhury_hmcm

Ever wondered why boys and girls behave differently across the... Show more

Discuss the effect of culture and media on gender development
Cross cultural research is noted for its valuable contribution to the nature-n

Cross-Cultural Research and Gender Development

Cross-cultural studies are brilliant for understanding whether gender differences come from biology or society. If gender behaviours appear the same across different cultures, it suggests biological influences. But when behaviours vary dramatically between cultures, it points to cultural socialisation being the driving force.

Margaret Mead's groundbreaking research in New Guinea perfectly illustrates this. She studied three tribes with completely different gender norms: the gentle Arapesh (similar to Western femininity), the aggressive Mundugumor (like Western masculinity), and the Tchambuli where women were dominant leaders whilst men were passive and decorative. This suggested gender roles aren't fixed by biology but shaped by culture.

However, Mead later admitted she'd underestimated universal gender patterns. David Buss's study across 37 countries found consistent mate preferences everywhere - women seeking wealthy, resourceful partners whilst men prioritised youth and attractiveness. This suggests some gender behaviours might be more universal than Mead initially thought.

Key Point: The extent to which natural behaviours are expressed depends heavily on cultural norms, creating a complex interaction between biology and society.

Media Influence and Research Limitations

Media acts as a powerful gender role model for children, providing clear but rigid stereotypes. Men are typically shown as independent and ambitious 'advice-givers', whilst women appear as dependent 'advice-seekers' in domestic settings. TV adverts reinforce this by showing men in professional roles and women in family contexts.

Children with greater media exposure tend to display more gender-stereotypical behaviours and attitudes. The media doesn't just confirm existing stereotypes - it actually teaches children what behaviours are likely to succeed, increasing their confidence in performing gender-appropriate actions.

However, cross-cultural research has significant flaws. Mead's work suffered from observer bias - she couldn't separate her own opinions from her observations, and follow-up studies revealed participants had misled her. There's also the problem of 'imposed etic' where Western researchers impose their cultural understanding on other societies, making findings potentially meaningless.

Reality Check: Cross-cultural research can't actually solve the nature-nurture debate because socialisation begins at birth, making it impossible to separate biological and cultural influences completely.

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Psychology

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103

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31 Dec 2025

•

2 pages

The Impact of Culture and Media on Gender Roles

Lamisah Chowdhury

@lamisahchowdhury_hmcm

Ever wondered why boys and girls behave differently across the world? This fascinating topic explores how culture and media shape our understanding of what it means to be male or female, using cross-cultural research to unpack the age-old nature versus... Show more

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Cross-Cultural Research and Gender Development

Key Point: The extent to which natural behaviours are expressed depends heavily on cultural norms, creating a complex interaction between biology and society.

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Media Influence and Research Limitations

Reality Check: Cross-cultural research can't actually solve the nature-nurture debate because socialisation begins at birth, making it impossible to separate biological and cultural influences completely.