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Theodora Li
25/07/2022
Psychology
Biological explanations: A historical approach
The biological approach to explaining criminal behavior, focusing on Lombroso's theory of atavism and its historical significance in criminology. Lombroso proposed that criminals were genetic throwbacks with specific physical characteristics, laying the groundwork for modern criminology despite significant flaws in his methodology and conclusions.
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The biological approach to explaining criminal behavior, focusing on Lombroso's theory of atavism and its historical significance in criminology. Lombroso proposed that criminals were genetic throwbacks with specific physical characteristics, laying the groundwork for modern criminology despite significant flaws in... Show more
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This page explores the biological theory of crime, focusing on Cesare Lombroso's pioneering work in the late 19th century. Lombroso's theory of atavism is a cornerstone of biological positivism in criminology.
Lombroso proposed that criminals were 'genetic throwbacks' who lacked evolutionary development, making it impossible for them to adjust to civilized society. This theory suggests that biological determinants of criminal behavior are rooted in genes, leading to an innate tendency towards offending.
Definition: Atavistic Form - The idea that offenders have particular physiological 'markers' linked to specific types of offenses.
Lombroso identified several types of criminals based on physical characteristics:
Example: General criminal characteristics included cranial features like narrow sloping brows, strong prominent jaws, and facial asymmetry, as well as other markers such as dark skin, extra digits, and insensitivity to pain.
Lombroso examined the skulls of 383 dead and 3,839 living convicts, concluding that 40% of criminal acts were committed by people with atavistic characteristics. His work is considered foundational in modern criminology.
Highlight: Lombroso is often referred to as the 'father of modern criminology' for shifting crime research towards a more scientific approach.
Despite his influence, Lombroso's theory has faced significant criticism:
Quote: "Lombroso's research does not meet modern scientific standards." - This highlights the flaws in his methodology.
The nature versus nurture debate in criminology remains relevant. While Lombroso's theory emphasizes biological causes , modern studies recognize the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
Vocabulary: Nature vs. Nurture - The ongoing debate in criminology about whether criminal behavior is primarily influenced by genetic factors or environmental factors .
This historical approach to biological causes of crime provides a foundation for understanding how the field has evolved, leading to more nuanced modern studies on the interplay between biology and environment in criminal behavior.
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
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