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Why People Act Like Cavemen: Lombroso's Ideas About Crime

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libby Moxey

06/12/2022

Psychology

Atavistic form revision notes

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Why People Act Like Cavemen: Lombroso's Ideas About Crime

Lombroso's theory of atavistic form in criminology posits that criminal behavior is linked to evolutionary underdevelopment. This controversial 19th-century idea claimed criminals could be identified by physical traits.

Key points:

  • Lombroso studied facial and cranial features of Italian convicts
  • He identified specific characteristics for different types of criminals
  • The theory faced significant criticism for its methodology and racial undertones
  • It moved criminology towards scientific study but lacked validity
  • Ethical concerns arose regarding research methods and potential misuse
...

06/12/2022

414

Atavistic form • Lombroso (1976) - criminal activity is the result of individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, failing to conform to

View

Specific Criminal Traits and Lombroso's Research

This page delves deeper into Lombroso's theory of atavism in criminology, outlining specific traits he associated with different types of criminals and providing an overview of his research methodology.

Lombroso identified distinct physical traits for various criminal types:

  1. Murderers: Bloodshot eyes, curly hair, long ears
  2. Sexual deviants: Glinting eyes, swollen/fleshy lips, projecting ears
  3. Fraudsters: Thin and reedy lips

He also noted other traits such as insensitivity to pain, use of criminal slang, tattoos, and unemployment as indicators of criminal tendencies.

Lombroso's research methodology involved:

  • Examining 3,839 living criminals
  • Studying 383 dead criminals
  • Claiming that 40% of criminal acts were committed by individuals with atavistic characteristics

Highlight: Lombroso's research, while groundbreaking for its time, was fraught with methodological issues that significantly undermined its credibility.

Example: Lombroso's inclusion of "extra toes, nipples, or fingers" as criminal indicators demonstrates the broad and often arbitrary nature of his criteria.

Atavistic form • Lombroso (1976) - criminal activity is the result of individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, failing to conform to

View

Evaluation of Lombroso's Theory

This page critically examines Lombroso's theory of atavism in criminology, highlighting both its contributions and significant criticisms of Lombroso's atavistic form theory.

Strengths:

  1. Lombroso moved crime research into a more scientific realm, shifting away from purely moralistic discourse.
  2. His work encouraged the exploration of evolutionary explanations for criminal behavior.

Weaknesses:

  1. Methodological flaws:

    • Low sample size (40% is insufficient to support the theory)
    • Lack of a control group
    • Potential investigator effects and subjective judgments

  2. Ethical concerns:

    • Exhumation of dead bodies for research
    • Racial undertones in identifying criminal characteristics

  3. Lack of replicability:

    • Goring (1913) found no evidence of distinct facial and cranial features in criminals when comparing 3,000 criminals to 3,000 non-criminals.

Quote: "Lombroso moved crime research to a scientific and credible realm. Moving past moralistic discourse and looking at the evolutionary explanation."

Highlight: While Lombroso's work was groundbreaking for its time, it has very low temporal validity due to its inaccuracies and methodological flaws.

Example: DeLisi (2012) pointed out the racial undertones in Lombroso's work, noting that characteristics like dark skin and curly hair are common in people of African descent.

Atavistic form • Lombroso (1976) - criminal activity is the result of individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, failing to conform to

View

Further Criticisms and Ethical Concerns

This final page explores additional criticisms of Lombroso's atavistic form theory and discusses the ethical implications of his work.

Key criticisms:

  1. Inability to determine cause-and-effect: Lombroso's theory relies on correlations rather than causal relationships between physical features and criminal behavior.

  2. Low internal validity: Other factors may influence both physical appearance and criminal tendencies, making it impossible to establish a direct link between atavism and criminality.

  3. Ethical concerns:

    • The theory's potential to support eugenics, a highly controversial and unethical practice of selective human breeding.
    • Social sensitivity issues, particularly regarding racial and ethnic stereotyping.

Definition: Eugenics is the practice or advocacy of improving the human species by selectively mating people with specific desirable hereditary traits.

Highlight: Lombroso's research, if misapplied, could potentially justify preventing certain individuals from reproducing based on physical characteristics associated with criminality.

Example: The idea that children of criminals might inherit criminal tendencies could lead to discriminatory practices in society.

In conclusion, while Lombroso's work was influential in moving criminology towards a more scientific approach, its numerous flaws and ethical concerns have largely discredited the theory in modern criminology.

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Subjects

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Trait Theories and the Big Five Personality Traits

Assessment of personality traits (e.g.

 

Psychology

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Why People Act Like Cavemen: Lombroso's Ideas About Crime

user profile picture

libby Moxey

@libby_moxey

Lombroso's theory of atavistic form in criminology posits that criminal behavior is linked to evolutionary underdevelopment. This controversial 19th-century idea claimed criminals could be identified by physical traits.

Key points:

  • Lombroso studied facial and cranial features of Italian convicts
  • He... Show more
Atavistic form • Lombroso (1976) - criminal activity is the result of individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, failing to conform to

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Specific Criminal Traits and Lombroso's Research

This page delves deeper into Lombroso's theory of atavism in criminology, outlining specific traits he associated with different types of criminals and providing an overview of his research methodology.

Lombroso identified distinct physical traits for various criminal types:

  1. Murderers: Bloodshot eyes, curly hair, long ears
  2. Sexual deviants: Glinting eyes, swollen/fleshy lips, projecting ears
  3. Fraudsters: Thin and reedy lips

He also noted other traits such as insensitivity to pain, use of criminal slang, tattoos, and unemployment as indicators of criminal tendencies.

Lombroso's research methodology involved:

  • Examining 3,839 living criminals
  • Studying 383 dead criminals
  • Claiming that 40% of criminal acts were committed by individuals with atavistic characteristics

Highlight: Lombroso's research, while groundbreaking for its time, was fraught with methodological issues that significantly undermined its credibility.

Example: Lombroso's inclusion of "extra toes, nipples, or fingers" as criminal indicators demonstrates the broad and often arbitrary nature of his criteria.

Atavistic form • Lombroso (1976) - criminal activity is the result of individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, failing to conform to

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Improve your grades

Join milions of students

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Evaluation of Lombroso's Theory

This page critically examines Lombroso's theory of atavism in criminology, highlighting both its contributions and significant criticisms of Lombroso's atavistic form theory.

Strengths:

  1. Lombroso moved crime research into a more scientific realm, shifting away from purely moralistic discourse.
  2. His work encouraged the exploration of evolutionary explanations for criminal behavior.

Weaknesses:

  1. Methodological flaws:

    • Low sample size (40% is insufficient to support the theory)
    • Lack of a control group
    • Potential investigator effects and subjective judgments

  2. Ethical concerns:

    • Exhumation of dead bodies for research
    • Racial undertones in identifying criminal characteristics

  3. Lack of replicability:

    • Goring (1913) found no evidence of distinct facial and cranial features in criminals when comparing 3,000 criminals to 3,000 non-criminals.

Quote: "Lombroso moved crime research to a scientific and credible realm. Moving past moralistic discourse and looking at the evolutionary explanation."

Highlight: While Lombroso's work was groundbreaking for its time, it has very low temporal validity due to its inaccuracies and methodological flaws.

Example: DeLisi (2012) pointed out the racial undertones in Lombroso's work, noting that characteristics like dark skin and curly hair are common in people of African descent.

Atavistic form • Lombroso (1976) - criminal activity is the result of individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, failing to conform to

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Improve your grades

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Further Criticisms and Ethical Concerns

This final page explores additional criticisms of Lombroso's atavistic form theory and discusses the ethical implications of his work.

Key criticisms:

  1. Inability to determine cause-and-effect: Lombroso's theory relies on correlations rather than causal relationships between physical features and criminal behavior.

  2. Low internal validity: Other factors may influence both physical appearance and criminal tendencies, making it impossible to establish a direct link between atavism and criminality.

  3. Ethical concerns:

    • The theory's potential to support eugenics, a highly controversial and unethical practice of selective human breeding.
    • Social sensitivity issues, particularly regarding racial and ethnic stereotyping.

Definition: Eugenics is the practice or advocacy of improving the human species by selectively mating people with specific desirable hereditary traits.

Highlight: Lombroso's research, if misapplied, could potentially justify preventing certain individuals from reproducing based on physical characteristics associated with criminality.

Example: The idea that children of criminals might inherit criminal tendencies could lead to discriminatory practices in society.

In conclusion, while Lombroso's work was influential in moving criminology towards a more scientific approach, its numerous flaws and ethical concerns have largely discredited the theory in modern criminology.

Atavistic form • Lombroso (1976) - criminal activity is the result of individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, failing to conform to

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Improve your grades

Join milions of students

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Lombroso's Theory of Atavistic Form

Cesare Lombroso's theory of atavistic form proposed a controversial link between physical characteristics and criminal tendencies. This page introduces the core concept of atavistic form and criminal behavior research.

Lombroso, in 1876, suggested that criminal activity results from individuals being evolutionarily underdeveloped, unable to conform to modern society's rules. He claimed that criminals could be identified based on specific facial and cranial characteristics.

Definition: Atavistic form refers to the reappearance of traits that were present in distant ancestors but have since disappeared in most modern individuals.

General characteristics Lombroso associated with criminals included:

  • Narrow, sloping brow
  • Strong, prominent jawline
  • High cheekbones
  • Facial asymmetry
  • Dark skin

Highlight: Lombroso's theory marked a shift towards attempting to explain criminal behavior through biological factors, rather than purely moral or social ones.

Vocabulary: Atavism - the recurrence of a trait or feature in an organism after several generations of absence, usually caused by the chance recombination of genes.

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Paul T

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

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