Significant Dates in Elizabethan England History Timeline
This comprehensive timeline outlines the major events that shaped the Elizabethan era, providing a crucial resource for understanding this golden age of English history. The chronology spans from Elizabeth I's coronation in 1558 to the late 1580s, encompassing diplomatic treaties, religious conflicts, exploration ventures, and internal conspiracies.
Highlight: The timeline begins with Elizabeth's ascension to the throne in 1558, marking the start of what would become known as the golden age of English literature and culture.
1558: Elizabeth becomes queen, initiating a new era in English history.
1559: Two significant events occur:
- The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis is signed, ending the Italian Wars between France and Spain.
- Elizabeth implements her Religious Settlement, establishing the Church of England's structure and doctrine.
Definition: The Religious Settlement of 1559 was Elizabeth I's attempt to find a middle ground between Catholic and Protestant factions in England, establishing the basic tenets of the Anglican Church.
1560: The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed, formally ending the Siege of Leith and recognizing Elizabeth's right to the English throne.
1563: The Statute of Artificers is enacted, regulating wages and working conditions for laborers and apprentices.
1566: The Dutch Revolt begins against Spanish rule in the Netherlands, which would have significant implications for England's foreign policy.
1568: Two notable events take place:
- The Genoese Loan crisis occurs, affecting England's financial stability.
- Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England, seeking Elizabeth's protection.
Vocabulary: The Genoese Loan refers to a financial crisis when Spanish treasure ships were forced to dock in English ports, leading to a temporary seizure of funds by Elizabeth I.
1569: The Revolt of the Northern Earls, a major Catholic rebellion against Elizabeth's rule, takes place.
1570: Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church, intensifying religious tensions.
1571: The Ridolfi Plot, an attempt to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots, is uncovered.
1572: The Vagabonds Act is passed, aimed at controlling the movement of the poor and unemployed.
1574: Catholic priests begin to be smuggled into England, challenging Elizabeth's religious policies.
1576: Several significant events occur:
- The Poor Relief Act is implemented, establishing a system for caring for the impoverished.
- The Spanish Fury, a violent mutiny by Spanish troops in Antwerp, takes place.
- The Pacification of Ghent is signed, uniting the provinces of the Netherlands against Spanish rule.
Example: The Poor Relief Act of 1576 was a landmark piece of legislation that laid the foundation for England's welfare system, requiring parishes to care for their poor residents.
1577-1580: Francis Drake circumnavigates the world, enhancing England's naval prestige and bringing wealth from Spanish colonies.
1580: Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind, recognizing his achievements in exploration and privateering.
1583: The Throckmorton Plot, another Catholic conspiracy to assassinate Elizabeth, is foiled.
1584: The Treaty of Joinville is signed between the Catholic League of France and Spain, posing a threat to Protestant England.
1585: Several crucial events unfold:
- The Treaty of Nonsuch is signed, committing England to support Dutch rebels against Spain.
- All Catholic priests are ordered to leave England, further enforcing Protestant dominance.
- The first English colony in North America, Virginia, is established.
1586: The Treaty of Berwick is signed between England and Scotland, forming a Protestant alliance.
Quote: "I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too." - Queen Elizabeth I, in her famous speech at Tilbury in 1588.
1587: Several pivotal events occur:
- The 'singeing of the King's beard' takes place, with Drake attacking the Spanish fleet in Cadiz.
- Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed, eliminating a major threat to Elizabeth's reign.
- A new colony is established at Roanoke, though it would later become known as the "Lost Colony."
1588: Philip II of Spain launches the Spanish Armada against England, culminating in a decisive English victory that solidifies Elizabeth's power and England's naval supremacy.
This timeline provides a comprehensive overview of the significant dates in Elizabethan England history, essential for students studying the GCSE History Elizabethan England period or anyone interested in this transformative era of English history.
