Programming Constructs and Techniques
Programming constructs are essential methods for writing code, consisting of three main types: sequence, branching (selection), and iteration. These form the foundation of program logic and control flow.
Definition: Programming constructs are fundamental building blocks used to create structured and logical code in computer programming.
Sequence is the most common programming construct, involving a series of statements executed one after another.
Example: A typical sequence might include initializing variables, prompting for user input, and displaying results.
Branching or selection involves making decisions based on Boolean expressions, allowing the program to diverge to different parts based on conditions.
Highlight: The IF statement is a common example of selection in programming.
Iteration refers to repetition in programming, where a section of code is repeated for a set amount of time or until a condition is met.
Vocabulary: A loop is a programming structure that implements iteration.
Recursion is another powerful technique where a subroutine calls itself. It can be used as an alternative to iteration in some cases.
Example: A recursive function to calculate factorials:
def fact(number):
if number == 0:
return 1
return number * fact(number - 1)
Variables in programming are named locations that store data whose contents can be changed during program execution. They can be classified as global or local.
Definition: Global variables are defined outside subprograms and can be accessed throughout the program, while local variables are declared within a subroutine and are only accessible within that subroutine.
