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Updated Mar 22, 2026
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Časy: Minulý a predprítomný čas vo vetách
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Prehľad časov v angličtine
Predstav si, že máš tri rôzne fotoaparáty na zachytenie minulosti. Minulý jednoduchý je ako obyčajná fotka - zachytí hotový dej. Povedzme "Včera som išiel do kina."
Minulý priebehový je zas ako video - ukazuje, čo sa práve dialo v nejakom momente. Napríklad "O siedmej večer som pozeral televíziu."
Predprítomný jednoduchý je ako album fotografií tvojich životných zážitkov - zachytáva veci, ktoré si už zažil, ale majú stále súvis s tvojím dnešným životom. "Už som videl ten film."
💡 Tip: Kľúčová otázka je vždy: "Kedy sa to stalo?" Ak vieš presne kedy - minulý jednoduchý. Ak nevieš alebo to má súvis s dneškom - predprítomný.
Minulý jednoduchý (Past Simple)
Tento čas používaš, keď chceš povedať, že sa niečo stalo a skončilo v minulosti. Dôležité je, že vieš kedy sa to stalo.
Tvorba je celkem jednoduchá. Pravidelné slovesá dostanú koncovku -ed (work → worked). Nepravidelné slovesá si však musíš naučiť naspamäť - to je ten druhý stĺpec v tabuľke (go → went, see → saw).
V záporoch a otázkach používaš pomocné sloveso did. Super dôležité: po "did" je sloveso vždy v základnom tvare! Takže "Did you go?" nie "Did you went?"
Časové výrazy: yesterday, last week, in 2022, two days ago. Keď vidíš tieto slová, takmer isto pôjde o minulý jednoduchý.
⚠️ Pozor: Najčastejšia chyba je "Did you went?" Správne je "Did you go?" - po "did" vždy základný tvar!
Minulý priebehový (Past Continuous)
Tu si predstav, že niekto stopol video v polovici deja. Minulý priebehový používaš, keď chceš zdôrazniť, že dej bol práve v plnom prúde.
Najčastejšie ho stretneš v týchto situáciach: "Keď som prišiel domov, mama varila." Tu "varila" je minulý priebehový (was cooking), lebo ten dej už prebiehal, keď si prišiel.
Tvorenie je jednoduché: was/were + sloveso s -ing. "Was" pre I, he, she, it a "were" pre you, we, they.
Typické je aj použitie s "while" - "While I was studying, my brother was playing games." Oba deje prebiehali súčasne.
💪 Pamätaj si: Minulý priebehový je ako dlhé video, minulý jednoduchý ako krátka fotka. Video môže byť prerušené fotkou!
Predprítomný jednoduchý (Present Perfect Simple)
Toto je asi najťažší čas, ale keď ho pochopíš, budeš znieť ako rodený hovoriaci. Predprítomný spája minulosť s prítomnosťou.
Používaš ho hlavne na skúsenosti - "I have visited London" (už som bol v Londýne). Nevieš presne kedy, ale zážitok máš.
Druhé použitie je na deje, ktoré trvają dodnes - "I have lived here for 5 years" (žijem tu 5 rokov a stále tu žijem).
Tvorenie: have/has + tretí stĺpec nepravidelných slovies. "Have" pre I, you, we, they a "has" pre he, she, it.
🎯 Kľúč k úspechu: Ak nevieš, kedy sa to stalo presne, alebo má to súvis s dneškom - predprítomný. Ak vieš kedy - minulý jednoduchý.
Rozdiely medzi časmi
Najlepšie si to zapamätáš na príkladach. "I lost my keys yesterday" - vieš kedy (včera), takže minulý jednoduchý. "I have lost my keys" - nevieš kedy presne, ale výsledok vidíš teraz (nemáš kľúče).
Pre for vs since: "For" hovorí ako dlho (for two years), "since" hovorí odkedy (since 2020).
Been to vs gone to je tiež dôležitá vec. "I have been to London" znamená, že si tam bol a už si sa vrátil. "He has gone to London" znamená, že tam odišiel a ešte sa nevrátil.
Slová ako just, already, yet sú typické pre predprítomný čas. "I have just finished" (práve som skončil).
🔥 Pro tip: Slovenčina ťa môže mýliť! "Žijem tu 5 rokov" po anglicky nie je "I live here for 5 years", ale "I have lived here for 5 years".
Precvičovanie na príkladoch
Skúsme si to na konkrétnych príkladoch. "Včera som hral futbal" - "I played football yesterday." Je tam "včera", takže minulý jednoduchý.
"Keď som prišiel domov, brat pozeral telku" - "When I came home, my brother was watching TV." "Prišiel" je krátky dej (jednoduchý), "pozeral" prebiehal (priebehový).
"Už som videl ten film" - "I have seen that film before." Je to skúsenosť, nevieme kedy presne, takže predprítomný.
"Nikdy som nebol v Paríži" - "I have never been to Paris." Zase skúsenosť (ktorú nemám) plus slovo "never" je typické pre predprítomný.
✅ Overené: Najlepšie sa učíš na príkladoch zo svojho života. Skús si vymyslieť vlastné vety v každom čase!
Dôležité tipy na záver
Nepravidelné slovesá sú základ všetkého - bez ich znalosti to nepôjde. Každý deň si zopakuj aspoň 5-10 najdôležitejších.
Zapamätaj si základné pravidlá: Minulý jednoduchý = presný čas v minulosti. Predprítomný = neurčený čas alebo súvis s dneškom. Minulý priebehový = dej práve prebiehal.
Časové výrazy sú tvoji najlepší kamaráti - keď vidíš "yesterday", takmer isto pôjde o minulý jednoduchý. Keď vidíš "never" alebo "already", bude to predprítomný.
Najdôležitejšie je precvičovanie. Skús si každý deň napísať pár viet vo všetkých troch časoch o tom, čo si robil.
🎖️ Finálny tip: Neboj sa robiť chyby! Aj native speakeri si niekedy nevedia rady. Dôležité je, že sa snažíš a postupne sa zlepšuješ.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Angličtina
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Časy: Minulý a predprítomný čas vo vetách
Chceš konečne vedieť, kedy použiť ktorý čas v angličtine? Dnes sa pozrieme na tri super dôležité časy - minulý jednoduchý, minulý priebehový a predprítomný jednoduchý. Každý z nich hovorí o minulosti trochu inak a keď si ich osvojíš, budeš znieť... Show more
Prehľad časov v angličtine
Predstav si, že máš tri rôzne fotoaparáty na zachytenie minulosti. Minulý jednoduchý je ako obyčajná fotka - zachytí hotový dej. Povedzme "Včera som išiel do kina."
Minulý priebehový je zas ako video - ukazuje, čo sa práve dialo v nejakom momente. Napríklad "O siedmej večer som pozeral televíziu."
Predprítomný jednoduchý je ako album fotografií tvojich životných zážitkov - zachytáva veci, ktoré si už zažil, ale majú stále súvis s tvojím dnešným životom. "Už som videl ten film."
💡 Tip: Kľúčová otázka je vždy: "Kedy sa to stalo?" Ak vieš presne kedy - minulý jednoduchý. Ak nevieš alebo to má súvis s dneškom - predprítomný.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Minulý jednoduchý (Past Simple)
Tento čas používaš, keď chceš povedať, že sa niečo stalo a skončilo v minulosti. Dôležité je, že vieš kedy sa to stalo.
Tvorba je celkem jednoduchá. Pravidelné slovesá dostanú koncovku -ed (work → worked). Nepravidelné slovesá si však musíš naučiť naspamäť - to je ten druhý stĺpec v tabuľke (go → went, see → saw).
V záporoch a otázkach používaš pomocné sloveso did. Super dôležité: po "did" je sloveso vždy v základnom tvare! Takže "Did you go?" nie "Did you went?"
Časové výrazy: yesterday, last week, in 2022, two days ago. Keď vidíš tieto slová, takmer isto pôjde o minulý jednoduchý.
⚠️ Pozor: Najčastejšia chyba je "Did you went?" Správne je "Did you go?" - po "did" vždy základný tvar!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Minulý priebehový (Past Continuous)
Tu si predstav, že niekto stopol video v polovici deja. Minulý priebehový používaš, keď chceš zdôrazniť, že dej bol práve v plnom prúde.
Najčastejšie ho stretneš v týchto situáciach: "Keď som prišiel domov, mama varila." Tu "varila" je minulý priebehový (was cooking), lebo ten dej už prebiehal, keď si prišiel.
Tvorenie je jednoduché: was/were + sloveso s -ing. "Was" pre I, he, she, it a "were" pre you, we, they.
Typické je aj použitie s "while" - "While I was studying, my brother was playing games." Oba deje prebiehali súčasne.
💪 Pamätaj si: Minulý priebehový je ako dlhé video, minulý jednoduchý ako krátka fotka. Video môže byť prerušené fotkou!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Predprítomný jednoduchý (Present Perfect Simple)
Toto je asi najťažší čas, ale keď ho pochopíš, budeš znieť ako rodený hovoriaci. Predprítomný spája minulosť s prítomnosťou.
Používaš ho hlavne na skúsenosti - "I have visited London" (už som bol v Londýne). Nevieš presne kedy, ale zážitok máš.
Druhé použitie je na deje, ktoré trvają dodnes - "I have lived here for 5 years" (žijem tu 5 rokov a stále tu žijem).
Tvorenie: have/has + tretí stĺpec nepravidelných slovies. "Have" pre I, you, we, they a "has" pre he, she, it.
🎯 Kľúč k úspechu: Ak nevieš, kedy sa to stalo presne, alebo má to súvis s dneškom - predprítomný. Ak vieš kedy - minulý jednoduchý.
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Rozdiely medzi časmi
Najlepšie si to zapamätáš na príkladach. "I lost my keys yesterday" - vieš kedy (včera), takže minulý jednoduchý. "I have lost my keys" - nevieš kedy presne, ale výsledok vidíš teraz (nemáš kľúče).
Pre for vs since: "For" hovorí ako dlho (for two years), "since" hovorí odkedy (since 2020).
Been to vs gone to je tiež dôležitá vec. "I have been to London" znamená, že si tam bol a už si sa vrátil. "He has gone to London" znamená, že tam odišiel a ešte sa nevrátil.
Slová ako just, already, yet sú typické pre predprítomný čas. "I have just finished" (práve som skončil).
🔥 Pro tip: Slovenčina ťa môže mýliť! "Žijem tu 5 rokov" po anglicky nie je "I live here for 5 years", ale "I have lived here for 5 years".
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Precvičovanie na príkladoch
Skúsme si to na konkrétnych príkladoch. "Včera som hral futbal" - "I played football yesterday." Je tam "včera", takže minulý jednoduchý.
"Keď som prišiel domov, brat pozeral telku" - "When I came home, my brother was watching TV." "Prišiel" je krátky dej (jednoduchý), "pozeral" prebiehal (priebehový).
"Už som videl ten film" - "I have seen that film before." Je to skúsenosť, nevieme kedy presne, takže predprítomný.
"Nikdy som nebol v Paríži" - "I have never been to Paris." Zase skúsenosť (ktorú nemám) plus slovo "never" je typické pre predprítomný.
✅ Overené: Najlepšie sa učíš na príkladoch zo svojho života. Skús si vymyslieť vlastné vety v každom čase!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Dôležité tipy na záver
Nepravidelné slovesá sú základ všetkého - bez ich znalosti to nepôjde. Každý deň si zopakuj aspoň 5-10 najdôležitejších.
Zapamätaj si základné pravidlá: Minulý jednoduchý = presný čas v minulosti. Predprítomný = neurčený čas alebo súvis s dneškom. Minulý priebehový = dej práve prebiehal.
Časové výrazy sú tvoji najlepší kamaráti - keď vidíš "yesterday", takmer isto pôjde o minulý jednoduchý. Keď vidíš "never" alebo "already", bude to predprítomný.
Najdôležitejšie je precvičovanie. Skús si každý deň napísať pár viet vo všetkých troch časoch o tom, čo si robil.
🎖️ Finálny tip: Neboj sa robiť chyby! Aj native speakeri si niekedy nevedia rady. Dôležité je, že sa snažíš a postupne sa zlepšuješ.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user