古文って最初は難しく感じるけど、基本ルールを覚えれば意外とパターンが決まってるんだ。昔の人の生活や考え方を知れるし、共通テストでも重要な科目だから、しっかり基礎を固めておこう。
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Updated Mar 16, 2026
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古文入門：基本語彙と文法の学び
1 / 5
古文の基本ルールと重要用語
古文は現代語と違うルールで書かれてるから、まず基本的な用語を押さえることが超大切だよ。
歴史的仮名遣いは昔の文章の書き方で、これが読めないと何も始まらない。品詞や活用は現代語と似てるけど、古文特有のものもある。特に係り結びは古文だけの特殊なルールだから要注意。
古文単語は現代語と同じ文字でも意味が全然違うことが多い。例えば「おかし」は「面白い、趣がある」という意味で、現代の「おかしい」とは別物なんだ。
重要ポイント: 古文単語は現代語の意味で解釈しちゃダメ！必ず古文での意味を覚えよう。
歴史的仮名遣いの読み方
古文を読むための第一歩。いくつかの基本ルールを覚えれば、ほとんどの文章が読めるようになるよ。
語頭以外の「はひふへほ」は「わいうえお」と読む。「かは」→「かわ」、「あふ」→「あう」みたいな感じ。助詞の「は・へ・を」は特別で、それぞれ「わ・え・お」と読むんだ。
「ゐ・ゑ」は「い・え」、「む」は文中や文末で「ん」になる。長音も要注意で、「たう」→「とう」、「けふ」→「きょう」のように変化する。
覚え方のコツ: 例外もあるから、新しい単語に出会ったら一つずつ確認していこう！
動詞の活用の種類
古文の動詞活用は9種類もあるけど、まずは代表的なものから攻略しよう。活用は未然・連用・終止・連体・已然・命令の6つの形がある。
四段活用が最も基本的で、多くの動詞がこれに当てはまる。上一段活用は「見る・着る」など少数で、活用の音がイ段だけ。下一段活用は「蹴る」の一語のみ。
カ変は「来(く)」、サ変は「す・おはす」だけ。これらは丸暗記するしかない。
見分け方: 動詞に「ず」をつけて、直前の音がア段なら四段、イ段なら上一段、エ段なら下一段活用だよ！
実践的な古文読解
『おくのほそ道』の「月日は百代の過客にして、行きかふ年もまた旅人なり」で練習してみよう。
「行きかふ」を分析すると、まず歴史的仮名遣いを「行きかう」に直す。次に品詞を確認して動詞だと判断。「年」という名詞の前にあるから連体形で、「ず」をつけて「行きかはず」となるからハ行四段活用だ。
文末の「なり」は断定の助動詞で、現代語の「である」と同じ意味。このように一つ一つの単語を丁寧に分析していくのが基本だよ。
読解のポイント: 古文では主語がよく省略されるから、誰が何をしているのか文脈から読み取ろう！
テスト対策と重要ポイント
テストで点を取るために絶対に注意すべきポイントがある。
古文単語の意味は現代語で解釈しないこと。特に多義語（意味がたくさんある単語）は要注意だ。助動詞の識別も重要で、同じ「なり」でも断定と伝聞・推定の違いがある。
敬語は登場人物の関係性を理解するのに超重要。誰から誰への敬意なのか常に意識しよう。
読解の手順は：歴史的仮名遣いを現代仮名遣いに直す→単語の意味を調べる→活用形を特定する→係り結びをチェック→省略された主語を補う、という流れだ。
最重要: 基礎は地味だけど、これができないと応用問題は絶対に解けない。特に動詞の活用と歴史的仮名遣いは完璧にしておこう！
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Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
古文入門：基本語彙と文法の学び
古文って最初は難しく感じるけど、基本ルールを覚えれば意外とパターンが決まってるんだ。昔の人の生活や考え方を知れるし、共通テストでも重要な科目だから、しっかり基礎を固めておこう。
古文の基本ルールと重要用語
古文は現代語と違うルールで書かれてるから、まず基本的な用語を押さえることが超大切だよ。
歴史的仮名遣いは昔の文章の書き方で、これが読めないと何も始まらない。品詞や活用は現代語と似てるけど、古文特有のものもある。特に係り結びは古文だけの特殊なルールだから要注意。
古文単語は現代語と同じ文字でも意味が全然違うことが多い。例えば「おかし」は「面白い、趣がある」という意味で、現代の「おかしい」とは別物なんだ。
重要ポイント: 古文単語は現代語の意味で解釈しちゃダメ！必ず古文での意味を覚えよう。
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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歴史的仮名遣いの読み方
古文を読むための第一歩。いくつかの基本ルールを覚えれば、ほとんどの文章が読めるようになるよ。
語頭以外の「はひふへほ」は「わいうえお」と読む。「かは」→「かわ」、「あふ」→「あう」みたいな感じ。助詞の「は・へ・を」は特別で、それぞれ「わ・え・お」と読むんだ。
「ゐ・ゑ」は「い・え」、「む」は文中や文末で「ん」になる。長音も要注意で、「たう」→「とう」、「けふ」→「きょう」のように変化する。
覚え方のコツ: 例外もあるから、新しい単語に出会ったら一つずつ確認していこう！
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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動詞の活用の種類
古文の動詞活用は9種類もあるけど、まずは代表的なものから攻略しよう。活用は未然・連用・終止・連体・已然・命令の6つの形がある。
四段活用が最も基本的で、多くの動詞がこれに当てはまる。上一段活用は「見る・着る」など少数で、活用の音がイ段だけ。下一段活用は「蹴る」の一語のみ。
カ変は「来(く)」、サ変は「す・おはす」だけ。これらは丸暗記するしかない。
見分け方: 動詞に「ず」をつけて、直前の音がア段なら四段、イ段なら上一段、エ段なら下一段活用だよ！
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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実践的な古文読解
『おくのほそ道』の「月日は百代の過客にして、行きかふ年もまた旅人なり」で練習してみよう。
「行きかふ」を分析すると、まず歴史的仮名遣いを「行きかう」に直す。次に品詞を確認して動詞だと判断。「年」という名詞の前にあるから連体形で、「ず」をつけて「行きかはず」となるからハ行四段活用だ。
文末の「なり」は断定の助動詞で、現代語の「である」と同じ意味。このように一つ一つの単語を丁寧に分析していくのが基本だよ。
読解のポイント: 古文では主語がよく省略されるから、誰が何をしているのか文脈から読み取ろう！
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
テスト対策と重要ポイント
テストで点を取るために絶対に注意すべきポイントがある。
古文単語の意味は現代語で解釈しないこと。特に多義語（意味がたくさんある単語）は要注意だ。助動詞の識別も重要で、同じ「なり」でも断定と伝聞・推定の違いがある。
敬語は登場人物の関係性を理解するのに超重要。誰から誰への敬意なのか常に意識しよう。
読解の手順は：歴史的仮名遣いを現代仮名遣いに直す→単語の意味を調べる→活用形を特定する→係り結びをチェック→省略された主語を補う、という流れだ。
最重要: 基礎は地味だけど、これができないと応用問題は絶対に解けない。特に動詞の活用と歴史的仮名遣いは完璧にしておこう！
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in TOEIC
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user