分詞って動詞を形容詞みたいに使える便利な文法なんだ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があって、文を短くしたり、詳しく説明したりするときにすごく役立つよ。
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Updated Mar 29, 2026
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分詞の基礎：現在分詞と過去分詞の使い方
1 / 5
分詞の基本と種類
分詞は動詞の形を変えて形容詞のような働きをするもので、文を短く、詳しく説明するときにめちゃくちゃ便利だよ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があるんだ。
現在分詞は動詞の-ing形（playing, running, singing）で、「〜している」という意味になる。修飾する名詞が「〜する側」であることがポイントだよ。
過去分詞は動詞の過去分詞形（played, written, broken）で、「〜される」「〜された」という意味。修飾する名詞が「〜される側」であることを覚えておこう。
覚えておこう！ 現在分詞と過去分詞の使い分けは、修飾する名詞との「意味の関係」で決めるんだ。これがテストで一番問われるところだよ！
1語で修飾する場合
分詞が1語だけで名詞を修飾するときは、普通の形容詞（big, newなど）と同じように名詞の前に置くんだ。これは基本中の基本だね。
現在分詞の例を見てみよう。「a singing bird（歌っている鳥）」は「a bird is singing」を短くしたもの。「a sleeping baby（眠っている赤ちゃん）」も同じパターンだよ。
過去分詞だと「a broken window（壊された窓）」や「a used car（使われた車→中古車）」みたいになる。どちらも元の文「a window was broken」や「a car was used」を短縮した形なんだ。
ここがコツ！ 1語の分詞は名詞の前、これだけ覚えればOK。普通の形容詞と同じ位置だよ。
2語以上で修飾する場合
分詞が他の語句（目的語や副詞など）を伴って2語以上のカタマリになるときは、名詞の後ろに置いて修飾する。これを後置修飾といって、長文でよく出てくる形だよ。
現在分詞の例では「The girl playing the piano is my sister.（ピアノを弾いている少女は私の妹です）」がある。「playing the piano」が2語以上のカタマリなので「the girl」の後ろに置くんだ。
過去分詞だと「This is a letter written in English.（これは英語で書かれた手紙です）」みたいになる。「written in English」がカタマリなので「a letter」の後ろに置くよ。
長文のカギ！ 2語以上の分詞句は名詞の後ろ。この形が読解問題でよく出るから、しっかり慣れておこう。
練習問題と文の作り方
分詞を使うと、関係代名詞を使わなくても文を簡潔にできるんだ。2つの文を1つにまとめる練習をしてみよう。
例題1：「I know the girl. She is talking with Mr. Tanaka.」を1つにする場合。共通する名詞は「the girl」で、2文目が説明している。女の子が「話している」側（能動）なので、現在分詞「talking」を使って「I know the girl talking with Mr. Tanaka.」になるよ。
例題2：「The cake was delicious. It was made by my mother.」の場合。ケーキは「作られた」側（受動）なので、過去分詞「made」を使って「The cake made by my mother was delicious.」になる。
文法のコツ！ 修飾される名詞を主語にして、「〜する」なら現在分詞、「〜される」なら過去分詞と考えよう。
テストのポイントと注意点
感情を表す動詞（excite, surprise, interest, boreなど）は特に注意が必要だよ。-ing形は人を「〜させる」（原因）、-ed形は人が「〜させられる」（感情）を表すんだ。
「This is an exciting game.（これは人をワクワクさせる試合だ）」と「I am excited.（私はワクワクしている）」の違いをしっかり理解しよう。前者は試合が原因、後者は私の感情状態を表している。
進行形や受動態との違いも大切。「The baby is sleeping.」は進行形で動詞の働き、「a sleeping baby」は分詞で形容詞の働きをしているよ。
最終チェック！ 1語なら名詞の前、2語以上なら名詞の後ろ。そして能動なら-ing、受動なら過去分詞。この基本パターンを覚えれば完璧だ！
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Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
分詞の基礎：現在分詞と過去分詞の使い方
分詞って動詞を形容詞みたいに使える便利な文法なんだ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があって、文を短くしたり、詳しく説明したりするときにすごく役立つよ。
分詞の基本と種類
分詞は動詞の形を変えて形容詞のような働きをするもので、文を短く、詳しく説明するときにめちゃくちゃ便利だよ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があるんだ。
現在分詞は動詞の-ing形（playing, running, singing）で、「〜している」という意味になる。修飾する名詞が「〜する側」であることがポイントだよ。
過去分詞は動詞の過去分詞形（played, written, broken）で、「〜される」「〜された」という意味。修飾する名詞が「〜される側」であることを覚えておこう。
覚えておこう！ 現在分詞と過去分詞の使い分けは、修飾する名詞との「意味の関係」で決めるんだ。これがテストで一番問われるところだよ！
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1語で修飾する場合
分詞が1語だけで名詞を修飾するときは、普通の形容詞（big, newなど）と同じように名詞の前に置くんだ。これは基本中の基本だね。
現在分詞の例を見てみよう。「a singing bird（歌っている鳥）」は「a bird is singing」を短くしたもの。「a sleeping baby（眠っている赤ちゃん）」も同じパターンだよ。
過去分詞だと「a broken window（壊された窓）」や「a used car（使われた車→中古車）」みたいになる。どちらも元の文「a window was broken」や「a car was used」を短縮した形なんだ。
ここがコツ！ 1語の分詞は名詞の前、これだけ覚えればOK。普通の形容詞と同じ位置だよ。
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2語以上で修飾する場合
分詞が他の語句（目的語や副詞など）を伴って2語以上のカタマリになるときは、名詞の後ろに置いて修飾する。これを後置修飾といって、長文でよく出てくる形だよ。
現在分詞の例では「The girl playing the piano is my sister.（ピアノを弾いている少女は私の妹です）」がある。「playing the piano」が2語以上のカタマリなので「the girl」の後ろに置くんだ。
過去分詞だと「This is a letter written in English.（これは英語で書かれた手紙です）」みたいになる。「written in English」がカタマリなので「a letter」の後ろに置くよ。
長文のカギ！ 2語以上の分詞句は名詞の後ろ。この形が読解問題でよく出るから、しっかり慣れておこう。
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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練習問題と文の作り方
分詞を使うと、関係代名詞を使わなくても文を簡潔にできるんだ。2つの文を1つにまとめる練習をしてみよう。
例題1：「I know the girl. She is talking with Mr. Tanaka.」を1つにする場合。共通する名詞は「the girl」で、2文目が説明している。女の子が「話している」側（能動）なので、現在分詞「talking」を使って「I know the girl talking with Mr. Tanaka.」になるよ。
例題2：「The cake was delicious. It was made by my mother.」の場合。ケーキは「作られた」側（受動）なので、過去分詞「made」を使って「The cake made by my mother was delicious.」になる。
文法のコツ！ 修飾される名詞を主語にして、「〜する」なら現在分詞、「〜される」なら過去分詞と考えよう。
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テストのポイントと注意点
感情を表す動詞（excite, surprise, interest, boreなど）は特に注意が必要だよ。-ing形は人を「〜させる」（原因）、-ed形は人が「〜させられる」（感情）を表すんだ。
「This is an exciting game.（これは人をワクワクさせる試合だ）」と「I am excited.（私はワクワクしている）」の違いをしっかり理解しよう。前者は試合が原因、後者は私の感情状態を表している。
進行形や受動態との違いも大切。「The baby is sleeping.」は進行形で動詞の働き、「a sleeping baby」は分詞で形容詞の働きをしているよ。
最終チェック！ 1語なら名詞の前、2語以上なら名詞の後ろ。そして能動なら-ing、受動なら過去分詞。この基本パターンを覚えれば完璧だ！
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user