日本の歴史が大きく変わった瞬間を知ってる？それが源平の争乱と鎌倉幕府の成立だよ。貴族中心の政治から武士中心の政治へと、まさに時代がひっくり返った超重要な出来事なんだ。
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Updated Mar 16, 2026
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鎌倉幕府の始まりと源平合戦の物語
1 / 5
源平の争乱と鎌倉幕府の成立の基礎知識
武士が日本の主役になった瞬間を見てみよう！今まで貴族が牛耳っていた政治の世界に、武士が堂々と乗り込んできたんだ。
武士っていうのは、もともと貴族のボディーガードみたいな存在だった。でも段々力をつけて、ついには日本のトップに立っちゃったんだよ。特に源氏と**平氏（平家）**という二大勢力の戦いが超重要だ。
平清盛は平氏のリーダーで、武士として初めて太政大臣（朝廷のトップ）になった人物。でも調子に乗りすぎて、みんなから嫌われちゃったんだ。一方、源頼朝は伊豆に流されてたけど、平氏を倒すために立ち上がった源氏のリーダーだよ。
重要ポイント: この時代は貴族政治から武士政治への大転換期。テストでは必ず出るから、源氏と平氏の違いをしっかり覚えよう！
重要人物と用語をマスターしよう
源義経は頼朝の弟で、戦いの天才だった。数々の戦いで平氏をボコボコにしたすごい武将なんだ。でも最後は兄に追われる悲劇のヒーローになっちゃった。
壇ノ浦の戦い（1185年）は源氏と平氏の最後の決戦。ここで平氏は完全に滅亡したんだよ。この後、頼朝は鎌倉幕府を開いて征夷大将軍（略して将軍）になった。
御家人は将軍と主従関係を結んだ武士のこと。御恩と奉公っていう仕組みがポイントだ。御恩は将軍が御家人に土地をくれること、奉公は御家人が将軍のために戦うことだよ。
暗記のコツ: 「いい国（1192）作ろう鎌倉幕府」は定番の語呂合わせ。でも1185年も重要な年だから両方覚えておこう！
平氏の時代から源氏の挙兵まで
平清盛が保元・平治の乱で勝利して、平氏の黄金時代が始まった。武士なのに朝廷の高い位を独占して、貿易でがっぽり稼いでたんだ。でもそのやり方があまりにも強引で、みんなから反感を買っちゃった。
1180年、ついに源氏が反撃開始！後白河法皇の皇子が「平氏を倒せ！」って命令を出したんだ。これに応えて、伊豆に流されてた源頼朝が兵を挙げた。
頼朝は鎌倉を本拠地に選んだ。なんで鎌倉かって？三方が山で一方が海の、めちゃくちゃ守りやすい地形だったからだよ。関東の武士たちもどんどん頼朝の味方についた。
地理のポイント: 鎌倉の立地は戦略的に完璧。自然の要塞みたいなもので、敵が攻めにくい絶好の場所だったんだ！
源平の争乱から鎌倉幕府成立まで
いよいよ源平の争乱の本格的な戦いが全国に広がった！頼朝は鎌倉でどっしり構えて、弟の義経を各地の戦場に送り込んだ。
義経の戦いぶりがすごかった。一ノ谷の戦いや屋島の戦いで奇跡的な戦術を使って、平氏をバンバン打ち破ったんだ。そして1185年の壇ノ浦の戦いで、ついに平氏は完全に滅亡した。
平氏を倒した後、頼朝は自分の支配体制を固めていく。まず全国に守護と地頭を置く権利をゲット（1185年）。これで警察権や税の徴収権を握って、全国の武士を支配下に置いたんだ。
そして1192年、頼朝は征夷大将軍に任命されて、鎌倉幕府が正式に成立！武士による政治の時代がついに始まったんだよ。
テスト対策: 1185年と1192年の違いをしっかり区別しよう。1185年は実質的な支配開始、1192年は正式な幕府成立だ！
まとめと重要ポイント
なんで頼朝は大活躍した弟の義経を追い詰めたんだろう？実は義経が頼朝の許可なく朝廷から位をもらっちゃったからなんだ。頼朝は「武士のリーダーは俺一人！みんな俺を通して朝廷とつながるべき」って考えてたから、弟でも容赦しなかった。
鎌倉に幕府を置いたのも戦略的。京都の朝廷の影響を受けずに、武士独自の政治をやるためだった。関東の武士たちの支持も得やすかったしね。
この時代の流れをまとめると：平氏が調子に乗る→源氏が反撃→源平の争乱→平氏滅亡→鎌倉幕府成立。御恩と奉公の主従関係と守護・地頭の全国配置で、武士による支配システムが完成したんだ。
覚えるべき年号: 1185年（壇ノ浦の戦い・守護地頭設置）、1192年（征夷大将軍就任・幕府成立）。この2つは絶対に覚えよう！
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in 日本史探究
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
鎌倉幕府の始まりと源平合戦の物語
日本の歴史が大きく変わった瞬間を知ってる？それが源平の争乱と鎌倉幕府の成立だよ。貴族中心の政治から武士中心の政治へと、まさに時代がひっくり返った超重要な出来事なんだ。
源平の争乱と鎌倉幕府の成立の基礎知識
武士が日本の主役になった瞬間を見てみよう！今まで貴族が牛耳っていた政治の世界に、武士が堂々と乗り込んできたんだ。
武士っていうのは、もともと貴族のボディーガードみたいな存在だった。でも段々力をつけて、ついには日本のトップに立っちゃったんだよ。特に源氏と**平氏（平家）**という二大勢力の戦いが超重要だ。
平清盛は平氏のリーダーで、武士として初めて太政大臣（朝廷のトップ）になった人物。でも調子に乗りすぎて、みんなから嫌われちゃったんだ。一方、源頼朝は伊豆に流されてたけど、平氏を倒すために立ち上がった源氏のリーダーだよ。
重要ポイント: この時代は貴族政治から武士政治への大転換期。テストでは必ず出るから、源氏と平氏の違いをしっかり覚えよう！
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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重要人物と用語をマスターしよう
源義経は頼朝の弟で、戦いの天才だった。数々の戦いで平氏をボコボコにしたすごい武将なんだ。でも最後は兄に追われる悲劇のヒーローになっちゃった。
壇ノ浦の戦い（1185年）は源氏と平氏の最後の決戦。ここで平氏は完全に滅亡したんだよ。この後、頼朝は鎌倉幕府を開いて征夷大将軍（略して将軍）になった。
御家人は将軍と主従関係を結んだ武士のこと。御恩と奉公っていう仕組みがポイントだ。御恩は将軍が御家人に土地をくれること、奉公は御家人が将軍のために戦うことだよ。
暗記のコツ: 「いい国（1192）作ろう鎌倉幕府」は定番の語呂合わせ。でも1185年も重要な年だから両方覚えておこう！
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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平氏の時代から源氏の挙兵まで
平清盛が保元・平治の乱で勝利して、平氏の黄金時代が始まった。武士なのに朝廷の高い位を独占して、貿易でがっぽり稼いでたんだ。でもそのやり方があまりにも強引で、みんなから反感を買っちゃった。
1180年、ついに源氏が反撃開始！後白河法皇の皇子が「平氏を倒せ！」って命令を出したんだ。これに応えて、伊豆に流されてた源頼朝が兵を挙げた。
頼朝は鎌倉を本拠地に選んだ。なんで鎌倉かって？三方が山で一方が海の、めちゃくちゃ守りやすい地形だったからだよ。関東の武士たちもどんどん頼朝の味方についた。
地理のポイント: 鎌倉の立地は戦略的に完璧。自然の要塞みたいなもので、敵が攻めにくい絶好の場所だったんだ！
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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源平の争乱から鎌倉幕府成立まで
いよいよ源平の争乱の本格的な戦いが全国に広がった！頼朝は鎌倉でどっしり構えて、弟の義経を各地の戦場に送り込んだ。
義経の戦いぶりがすごかった。一ノ谷の戦いや屋島の戦いで奇跡的な戦術を使って、平氏をバンバン打ち破ったんだ。そして1185年の壇ノ浦の戦いで、ついに平氏は完全に滅亡した。
平氏を倒した後、頼朝は自分の支配体制を固めていく。まず全国に守護と地頭を置く権利をゲット（1185年）。これで警察権や税の徴収権を握って、全国の武士を支配下に置いたんだ。
そして1192年、頼朝は征夷大将軍に任命されて、鎌倉幕府が正式に成立！武士による政治の時代がついに始まったんだよ。
テスト対策: 1185年と1192年の違いをしっかり区別しよう。1185年は実質的な支配開始、1192年は正式な幕府成立だ！
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
まとめと重要ポイント
なんで頼朝は大活躍した弟の義経を追い詰めたんだろう？実は義経が頼朝の許可なく朝廷から位をもらっちゃったからなんだ。頼朝は「武士のリーダーは俺一人！みんな俺を通して朝廷とつながるべき」って考えてたから、弟でも容赦しなかった。
鎌倉に幕府を置いたのも戦略的。京都の朝廷の影響を受けずに、武士独自の政治をやるためだった。関東の武士たちの支持も得やすかったしね。
この時代の流れをまとめると：平氏が調子に乗る→源氏が反撃→源平の争乱→平氏滅亡→鎌倉幕府成立。御恩と奉公の主従関係と守護・地頭の全国配置で、武士による支配システムが完成したんだ。
覚えるべき年号: 1185年（壇ノ浦の戦い・守護地頭設置）、1192年（征夷大将軍就任・幕府成立）。この2つは絶対に覚えよう！
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user