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Updated Apr 23, 2026

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7 pages

倒置と強調構文の基本を学ぶ

英語で特定の部分を強調したいとき、日本語とは違った特別なテクニックが必要なんだ。倒置と強調構文をマスターすれば、長文読解がぐっと楽になるし、英作文でも表現力がアップする。

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倒置と強調構文の基本

普通の英文の語順をあえて変えることで、特定の語句を強調する技法だよ。スピーチや文章で印象を強くしたいときに使われる。

長文問題でよく登場するから、パターンを覚えておけば読解力が確実にアップする。特に否定語が文頭に来る倒置は頻出だから要チェック！

倒置は語順を変えて強調し、強調構文は"It is...that"の形を使う。どちらも試験でよく出るから、しっかりマスターしよう。

💡 ココがポイント！
倒置が起きたら「疑問文の語順」になることを覚えておけば、ほとんどの問題は解ける！

否定語句の倒置

否定語句が文頭に来ると、後ろが疑問文の語順になる。「否定語句 + 助動詞/be動詞 + 主語 + 動詞」の形だ。

Never、Little、Hardlyなどの否定語が文頭に来たら要注意。一般動詞の場合はdo/does/didを主語の前に置くのを忘れずに！

例：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（こんな美しい夕日は見たことがない）元の文：I have never seen... → haveが主語の前に移動している。

💡 ココがポイント！
"Not only...but also"の構文でも倒置が起きる。Not onlyの部分だけ倒置すれば大丈夫。

Onlyと場所の倒置

"Only"の後に副詞句が続くときも倒置が発生する。Only then did I understand...（その時初めて理解した）のような形になる。

場所・方向を示す副詞句が文頭に来る倒置もある。これは「副詞句 + 動詞 + 主語」の語順で、助動詞のdoは使わない点が特徴的だ。

例：On the hill stands an old castle.（丘の上に古い城が建っている）ただし主語が代名詞なら倒置しない：Here it comes.（○）Here comes it.（×）

💡 ココがポイント！
主語が代名詞の場合は倒置が起こらないという例外ルールも覚えておこう。

強調構文の基本

**"It is/was...that/who..."**の形で文の一部を強調する構文。強調したい語句を"It is"と"that"の間に挟み込むだけ！

主語・目的語・副詞句は強調できるけど、動詞と形容詞は強調できないから注意。動詞を強調したいときは"do/does/did"を動詞の前に置く。

人が主語なら"who"、目的語なら"whom"も使えるけど、迷ったら**"that"を使えば間違いない**。時制は元の文に合わせてisかwasを選ぶ。

💡 ココがポイント！
強調構文かどうか見分けるには、"It is...that"を取り除いて完全な文になるかチェックしよう。

強調構文の実践例

元の文：My brother bought this camera in Akihabara last Sunday.

主語を強調：It was my brother that bought this camera...（カメラを買ったのは兄だった） 目的語を強調：It was this camera that my brother bought...（兄が買ったのはこのカメラだった）

場所・時間も強調可能。It was in Akihabara that...（買ったのは秋葉原でだった）のように、どの部分でも強調できる。

動詞の強調は別の方法で：I do understand your feeling.（君の気持ち、本当にわかるよ）

💡 ココがポイント！
強調構文の時制は元の文に合わせる。過去の内容なら"It was"、現在なら"It is"を使おう。

実践練習とコツ

倒置の練習：She rarely complains → Rarely does she complain 一般動詞だから"does"を使って、動詞は原形の"complain"に戻すのがポイント。

強調構文の練習：The storm caused damage → It was the storm that caused damage 主語を強調する場合、"that"以下は不完全な文（主語が欠けた文）になる。

試験ではパターン認識が重要。否定語句や"Only"が文頭にあったら倒置を疑い、"It is...that"があったら強調構文を考えよう。

💡 ココがポイント！
長文で倒置や強調構文を見つけたら、まず元の語順に戻して意味を把握するクセをつけよう。

まとめと試験対策

倒置の要点：否定語句・Only + 疑問文の語順、場所の副詞句 + 動詞 + 主語 強調構文の要点：It is/was + 強調したい部分 + that/who + 残りの部分

どちらも英作文で使えば表現力アップ間違いなし。特に倒置は「洗練された英語」という印象を与えられる。

長文読解では、これらの構文を素早く見抜いて正しい意味を掴む練習を積もう。慣れれば得点源になる分野だ。

💡 ココがポイント！
代名詞が主語の場合の例外（Here it comes）や、動詞は強調構文で強調できないことも要確認！

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英語表現

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倒置の要点：否定語句・Only + 疑問文の語順、場所の副詞句 + 動詞 + 主語 強調構文の要点：It is/was + 強調したい部分 + that/who + 残りの部分

どちらも英作文で使えば表現力アップ間違いなし。特に倒置は「洗練された英語」という印象を与えられる。

長文読解では、これらの構文を素早く見抜いて正しい意味を掴む練習を積もう。慣れれば得点源になる分野だ。

💡 ココがポイント！
代名詞が主語の場合の例外（Here it comes）や、動詞は強調構文で強調できないことも要確認！