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Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Biological molecules
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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10/06/2022
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The Industrial Revolution What was it like to live and work? What Was the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period of time from the 1760s to the 1820/40s, where we began to create and rely on machinery and engineering rather than on human power. This dramatically changed the social, political and working construct of lives. Starting from taking away cotton mill jobs to American spies. Though this was a sad time for most, if it wasn't for the Industrial Revolution, we wouldn't live our lives like we do today. Living conditions, towns and cities in the Industrial Revolution Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution were worse than poor. Factories and large companies grew more willing to pay less and less for their workers. This was because the workers would continue working as long as they got paid, no matter how small the wage was. Workers would work fourteen to sixteen hours a day, six days a week and earn no more than a few pence a week. Because of this, people were unable to afford good and safe housing and most people migrated to live in "slums." Slums were small, one-room flats that could house five to nine people. This was the worst housing available, being the most dangerous as they were placed next to factories, in city centers, as the factory workers needed to...
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be able to get to work quickly. Because the majority of people worked in factories, town and city centers were heavily populated, leaving them to be dangerous in pollution, water and hygiene. UK slums during the Industrial Revolution Living conditions, hygiene, during the IR The impact of the Industrial Revolution was rapid urbanization. For example, the Port of Liverpool rose from a population of a few thousand to tens of thousands within a century. Because of this, the housing was poor, as was the hygiene, and everything else. The country wasn't prepared for the Revolution. The sewage drainage systems were bad, and often, half of the sewage didn't make it to the drainage system. Most of the waste was dumped into the streets or into cesspits, (holes that were dug in the ground and filled with waste after privies had been used), and these often overflowed. This could easily spread disease. Disease, during the Industrial Revolution 1) Cholera Cholera is a bacterial disease, spread by consuming food or drink that is contaminated. Such as water; the sewage system usually leaked and would go into the water, not knowing any better, this was drunk by most people who could not afford running water. Cholera can be fatal, should it be left untreated, although mild cases could happen, it was still an unlikely survival, especially for the poor people, where most things they ate and drunk were likely contaminated. 2) Typhoid Fever Known as Typhoid, it is spread by a specific strain of Salmonella, found in contaminated food and drink and is easily spread. Typhoid left untreated, could also be fatal, and spread to other people, especially that lived in slums. Disease 3) Typhus Also known as Typhus fever, is spread by poor hygiene, infected fleas, mice and lice. It did not have a cure and affected most people, it was also fatal and a painful disease to have. It caused rashes, body pains and toxic chemicals in the bloodstream. What the Government did? The Public Health Act of 1848 This created public health boards locally, established some sanitary investigations and a General Board of Health. Following this, The Public Health Act of 1875 The Government takes on responsibility for sewage, housing, disease and water. They also check the water to declare it as safe. Child workers in factories During the Industrial Revolution, many families were poor. In order to help their families, children from the young age of four held full time jobs in factories. These children were exploited, for their size, age and ability. They were seen as "inferior" to the adult workers; therefore being paid less and talking the more dangerous jobs. The dangerous jobs include handling heavy machinery, in which, one girl even died. A description of this was even wrote, where the girl was caught in the machine by her apron strings. Children who worked in factories could usually not go to school, as they worked full time. This caused major poverty problems in the early 1900s. The children seemed to have been fed well, Andrew Ure, a factory owner, described "The apprentices have milk porridge for breakfast, potatoes and bacon for dinner, and meat on Sundays" .Though it is unclear to me how true this statement is, it may have just been an excuse. A young, working factory girl- during the Industrial Revolution Working conditions, children in factories The factories looked liked this; small aisles between rows of heavy machinery, taller and more powerful than the children. There were barely any safety precautions, so injuries and even death sometimes occurred. The children were malnourished, often living through back pains and skeletal problems due to a vitamin D deficiency. The only breaks were given at breakfast and lunch. Many children were given punishments, they quote, though many factory workers denied ever giving corporal punishments. Children with Rickets, a vitamin D deficiency due to lack of sunlight exposure. Often found in young factory workers. Working conditions, children in factories Many factory owners admitted to have applied punishments to the young workers, as they may become "lazy” without it. Others state, that they had never seen any physical discipline in their factories. Even if the children weren't damaged by cruel discipline, health and disease was poor in the factories. Many of the children were poor and unclean, carrying fleas, mites, lice, some of which were infected, and spread some of the most awful diseases of the time- such as Typhus And to top all this off, children worked ever day of the week, with the exception of one, usually Sunday. For ten to fourteen hours a day, and paid next to nothing..