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Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Responding to change (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Organisation
Biological molecules
Homeostasis and response
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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The cold war
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
2b the wars of the roses, 1450-1499
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
Inter-war germany
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
Britain: 1509 -1745
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22/06/2022
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"If they would rather die, then they had better do it and decrease the surplus population" This quote shows scrooge's capitalist mindset at the beginning of the novella, it shows the reader how scrooge feels towards the lower class members of society. The quote tells us that all scrooge seems to care about is his affluence, the fact that he describes the poor as a "surplus population" shows us his prejudice against the lower class and tells us how he thinks of them as expendable. This is ironic as though he is speaking about a "population" he himself has the opposite of that - loneliness and isolation. "I wear the chain I forged in life" This shows us how Scrooge, or in this case Marley's actions have a dire consequence after his death, the "chain" he wears symbolises the actions he took that have now burdened him with this heavy weight around his body. It can be noted that every link in the chain could perhaps be representative of each individual action that cost him this punishment. This quote also serves as a warning to Scrooge that should his ways not change this is the fate that also awaits him upon his passing due to the fact that in life he has been an unpleasant, cruel person. "His wealth is...
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of no use to him. He don't do any good with it." Here, we are being shown how Scrooge is viewed from the perspective of others in his society, as well as this the quote also presents itself as a way to show what others think of wealth. This quote conveys Scrooge's capitalist mindset that wealth is often viewed for one's own benefit, not to aid others, this shows how the other characters see his great wealth as pointless - he has no use for it other than to let it grow as he doesn't even spend money on himself as it was previously stated that "darkness was cheap". "The boy is ignorance, the girl is want" In this quote, "the boy" can be seen as representing society's views, especially the upper class, on the poor and needy who are barely surviving as represented by the grotesque description of the children. The upper class are especially ignorant to the poor's wants as well as their experiences in life. Moreover, in this quote "want", embodied as a young girl, is representative of the lower class peoples' everyday basic needs such as food, shelter and warmth that are not met due to the "ignorance" of those above in the social hierarchy. As well as this, Dickens uses the imagery of young, feeble children to portray the ghosts' attempt to persuade scrooge to change. The children are used because in society, they are seen as the most pure and innocent forms of being, which is why it would be quite shocking to the reader as well as scrooge that they are used to personify society's views as two ugly, hellish 'creatures'. "Hard and sharp as flint" This quote objectifies Scrooge in a way that describes him as a "hard", "sharp" object, in this case flint. The fact that Scrooge is objectified in this way provides evidence for the fact that his real personality is in a way 'locked' behind walls of something that is hard and impenetrable therefore, showing his extreme individualism where he believes that life is only about himself, and not others, explaining his reluctance to help the poor when the "portly gentlemen" ask him to provide donations. As well as this the adjective sharp perhaps shows how anyone who attempts to bring out his real personality from behind the 'walls' will be cut or hurt by his sharp, hostile attitude that is his outside personality