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Sophia + Charlotte
01/07/2023
Chemistry
Rates of reaction
2,494
•
1 Jul 2023
•
Understanding Chemical Reactions: How Temperature, Surface Area, and Collision Theory Affect Rates
Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium
Reversible reactions are chemical processes where products can react to reform the original reactants. In a closed system, these reactions reach a state of dynamic equilibrium.
Definition: Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate, resulting in no net change in concentrations.
Key points about equilibrium:
- It only occurs in closed systems where no reactants or products can enter or leave.
- The position of equilibrium can favor either reactants or products.
- Equilibrium position is influenced by temperature, pressure, and concentration.
Le Chatelier's Principle explains how equilibrium systems respond to changes in conditions:
Quote: "If you change the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the system will try to counteract the change."
Effects of changing conditions:
-
Temperature changes:
- Increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction.
- Decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction.
-
Pressure changes (for gas reactions):
- Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules.
- Decreasing pressure favors the side with more gas molecules.
-
Concentration changes:
- Adding or removing reactants or products shifts the equilibrium to counteract the change.
Example: In the Haber process for ammonia production, increasing pressure favors the forward reaction as it produces fewer gas molecules.
Understanding these principles allows chemists to optimize reaction conditions for desired outcomes in industrial processes and laboratory settings.
Rates of Reaction and Collision Theory
The rate of a chemical reaction indicates how quickly reactants are consumed or products are formed. Collision theory provides a fundamental explanation for reaction rates at the molecular level.
Definition: Collision theory states that chemical reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) and proper orientation.
Factors affecting rate of reaction include:
- Temperature: Higher temperatures increase particle motion, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.
Example: Cooking food at higher temperatures speeds up chemical reactions, resulting in faster cooking times.
-
Concentration or pressure: Increased concentration or pressure means more particles in a given volume, increasing collision frequency.
-
Surface area: For reactions involving solids, increasing surface area provides more collision sites.
Highlight: Breaking a solid into smaller pieces increases its surface area to volume ratio, enhancing reaction rate.
- Catalysts: These substances speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required.
Vocabulary: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
Each of these factors contributes to increasing the number of successful collisions per second, thereby increasing the overall reaction rate.
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
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This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Understanding Chemical Reactions: How Temperature, Surface Area, and Collision Theory Affect Rates
The rate and extent of chemical change: Understanding reaction rates and factors affecting them
Factors affecting rates of chemical reactionsare crucial in understanding how chemical processes occur and can be controlled. This summary explores collision theory, the key factors... Show more
Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium
Reversible reactions are chemical processes where products can react to reform the original reactants. In a closed system, these reactions reach a state of dynamic equilibrium.
Definition: Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate, resulting in no net change in concentrations.
Key points about equilibrium:
- It only occurs in closed systems where no reactants or products can enter or leave.
- The position of equilibrium can favor either reactants or products.
- Equilibrium position is influenced by temperature, pressure, and concentration.
Le Chatelier's Principle explains how equilibrium systems respond to changes in conditions:
Quote: "If you change the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the system will try to counteract the change."
Effects of changing conditions:
-
Temperature changes:
- Increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction.
- Decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction.
-
Pressure changes (for gas reactions):
- Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules.
- Decreasing pressure favors the side with more gas molecules.
-
Concentration changes:
- Adding or removing reactants or products shifts the equilibrium to counteract the change.
Example: In the Haber process for ammonia production, increasing pressure favors the forward reaction as it produces fewer gas molecules.
Understanding these principles allows chemists to optimize reaction conditions for desired outcomes in industrial processes and laboratory settings.
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Rates of Reaction and Collision Theory
The rate of a chemical reaction indicates how quickly reactants are consumed or products are formed. Collision theory provides a fundamental explanation for reaction rates at the molecular level.
Definition: Collision theory states that chemical reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) and proper orientation.
Factors affecting rate of reaction include:
- Temperature: Higher temperatures increase particle motion, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.
Example: Cooking food at higher temperatures speeds up chemical reactions, resulting in faster cooking times.
-
Concentration or pressure: Increased concentration or pressure means more particles in a given volume, increasing collision frequency.
-
Surface area: For reactions involving solids, increasing surface area provides more collision sites.
Highlight: Breaking a solid into smaller pieces increases its surface area to volume ratio, enhancing reaction rate.
- Catalysts: These substances speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required.
Vocabulary: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
Each of these factors contributes to increasing the number of successful collisions per second, thereby increasing the overall reaction rate.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
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Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user