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1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
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2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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Biology
21 Nov 2025
135
3 pages
briseis @briseis_vnad
Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria, resulting in two identical daughter cells. This process... Show more
The eukaryotic cell cycle involves more complex cell division stages compared to bacterial binary fission. This process is crucial for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms.
The cell cycle begins with DNA replication, resulting in two copies of each chromosome. As the process continues, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the chromosomes align across the center of the cell. This alignment is a critical step in ensuring proper distribution of genetic material.
Vocabulary Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus that contain the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
Following chromosome alignment, one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus divides. The final stage involves the division of the cytoplasm and cell membrane, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.
Example This process is similar to how a baker might divide a large batch of dough into two equal portions, ensuring that each new portion has all the necessary ingredients.
The blood transport system consists of three main types of blood vessels arteries, veins, and capillaries. Each type of vessel has specific adaptations that allow it to perform its unique function in blood circulation.
Arteries are responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the heart to various tissues in the body. They have thick walls to withstand high pressure, thick elastic tissue that allows them to stretch, and a thick muscle layer to maintain blood flow.
Highlight The differences between arteries and veins in blood transport are primarily related to their structure and function.
Veins, on the other hand, transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have thinner walls and muscle layers compared to arteries, as they experience lower blood pressure. Veins also contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Capillaries serve as the exchange point for substances between blood and tissues. They have extremely thin walls, often just one cell thick, which allows for efficient diffusion of gases and nutrients.
Definition Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Understanding these differences in blood vessel structure and function is crucial for comprehending the overall efficiency of the circulatory system in maintaining bodily functions.
The binary fission process in bacteria is a fundamental method of asexual reproduction. This process involves several key stages that lead to the creation of two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
The process begins with the replication of the bacterial cell's circular DNA and plasmids. As the cell grows larger, these replicated genetic materials move to opposite ends of the cell. The cytoplasm then begins to divide, and a new cell wall starts to form between the separating genetic material.
Definition Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the main bacterial chromosome and can replicate independently.
In the final stage of binary fission, the cytoplasm and cell wall complete their division, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. Each of these new cells contains one copy of the circular DNA, but may have a variable number of plasmids.
Highlight The entire process of binary fission ensures that bacterial populations can grow rapidly under favorable conditions, contributing to their ability to adapt and survive in various environments.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
1
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the detailed stages of mitosis, including Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. This summary highlights key events such as chromatin condensation, spindle apparatus formation, and cytokinesis, essential for A Level Biology students. Understand the cell cycle phases and their significance in cell division.
BiologyExplore the essential processes of photosynthesis, including the role of chlorophyll, light-dependent reactions, and factors affecting plant growth. This summary covers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose, the importance of light, and adaptations of leaves for optimal photosynthesis. Ideal for GCSE Biology students seeking to understand plant productivity and the significance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.
BiologyExplore essential concepts for Biology Paper 1, including eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structures, mitosis, enzyme functions, and the human circulatory and digestive systems. This comprehensive summary is perfect for exam preparation and understanding key biological processes.
BiologyExplore the essential components of cells, including the cell membrane, organelles, and the processes of RNA synthesis and cell division. This summary covers key concepts such as the roles of the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, as well as the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Ideal for A-level Biology students seeking a comprehensive overview of cellular biology.
BiologyExplore the processes of mitosis and cellular differentiation in both plants and animals. This summary covers the stages of mitosis, the role of parent and daughter cells, and how uncontrolled cell division can lead to cancer. Learn about specialized cells and growth patterns, including percentile charts for monitoring child growth. Ideal for biology students studying cell division and growth.
BiologyExplore the processes of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Understand the roles of stem cells, their potency, and the significance of specialized cells like erythrocytes and neutrophils. This summary also addresses ethical concerns surrounding stem cell use and highlights the organization of cells into tissues and organs.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
briseis
@briseis_vnad
Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria, resulting in two identical daughter cells. This process involves DNA replication, cell growth, and division.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The eukaryotic cell cycle involves more complex cell division stages compared to bacterial binary fission. This process is crucial for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms.
The cell cycle begins with DNA replication, resulting in two copies of each chromosome. As the process continues, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the chromosomes align across the center of the cell. This alignment is a critical step in ensuring proper distribution of genetic material.
Vocabulary: Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus that contain the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
Following chromosome alignment, one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus divides. The final stage involves the division of the cytoplasm and cell membrane, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.
Example: This process is similar to how a baker might divide a large batch of dough into two equal portions, ensuring that each new portion has all the necessary ingredients.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The blood transport system consists of three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Each type of vessel has specific adaptations that allow it to perform its unique function in blood circulation.
Arteries are responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the heart to various tissues in the body. They have thick walls to withstand high pressure, thick elastic tissue that allows them to stretch, and a thick muscle layer to maintain blood flow.
Highlight: The differences between arteries and veins in blood transport are primarily related to their structure and function.
Veins, on the other hand, transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have thinner walls and muscle layers compared to arteries, as they experience lower blood pressure. Veins also contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Capillaries serve as the exchange point for substances between blood and tissues. They have extremely thin walls, often just one cell thick, which allows for efficient diffusion of gases and nutrients.
Definition: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Understanding these differences in blood vessel structure and function is crucial for comprehending the overall efficiency of the circulatory system in maintaining bodily functions.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The binary fission process in bacteria is a fundamental method of asexual reproduction. This process involves several key stages that lead to the creation of two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
The process begins with the replication of the bacterial cell's circular DNA and plasmids. As the cell grows larger, these replicated genetic materials move to opposite ends of the cell. The cytoplasm then begins to divide, and a new cell wall starts to form between the separating genetic material.
Definition: Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the main bacterial chromosome and can replicate independently.
In the final stage of binary fission, the cytoplasm and cell wall complete their division, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. Each of these new cells contains one copy of the circular DNA, but may have a variable number of plasmids.
Highlight: The entire process of binary fission ensures that bacterial populations can grow rapidly under favorable conditions, contributing to their ability to adapt and survive in various environments.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
1
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the detailed stages of mitosis, including Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. This summary highlights key events such as chromatin condensation, spindle apparatus formation, and cytokinesis, essential for A Level Biology students. Understand the cell cycle phases and their significance in cell division.
BiologyExplore the essential processes of photosynthesis, including the role of chlorophyll, light-dependent reactions, and factors affecting plant growth. This summary covers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose, the importance of light, and adaptations of leaves for optimal photosynthesis. Ideal for GCSE Biology students seeking to understand plant productivity and the significance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.
BiologyExplore essential concepts for Biology Paper 1, including eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structures, mitosis, enzyme functions, and the human circulatory and digestive systems. This comprehensive summary is perfect for exam preparation and understanding key biological processes.
BiologyExplore the essential components of cells, including the cell membrane, organelles, and the processes of RNA synthesis and cell division. This summary covers key concepts such as the roles of the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, as well as the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Ideal for A-level Biology students seeking a comprehensive overview of cellular biology.
BiologyExplore the processes of mitosis and cellular differentiation in both plants and animals. This summary covers the stages of mitosis, the role of parent and daughter cells, and how uncontrolled cell division can lead to cancer. Learn about specialized cells and growth patterns, including percentile charts for monitoring child growth. Ideal for biology students studying cell division and growth.
BiologyExplore the processes of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Understand the roles of stem cells, their potency, and the significance of specialized cells like erythrocytes and neutrophils. This summary also addresses ethical concerns surrounding stem cell use and highlights the organization of cells into tissues and organs.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
