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4 Feb 2023

6 pages

Biological Causes and Explanations of Schizophrenia for Kids - PDF Notes

The biological approach to schizophrenia examines how biological factors like... Show more

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Genetic Explanation of Schizophrenia

The genetic explanation proposes that schizophrenia develops due to the presence of certain genes or combinations of genes. This theory is supported by twin studies and adoption studies, which examine concordance rates - the likelihood of developing schizophrenia if a relative has the disorder.

Evidence from Gottesman's 1991 study on inheritance and twin studies shows a clear pattern: the more genes shared with a person who has schizophrenia, the higher the risk of developing the disorder. For example:

  • Identical twins have a 48% risk
  • Fraternal twins have a 17% risk
  • First-degree relatives parents,siblings,childrenparents, siblings, children have a 13% risk
  • Second-degree relatives have a 4-6% risk
  • The general population has a 1% risk

Example: If one identical twin has schizophrenia, the other twin has a 48% chance of also developing the disorder, compared to only a 17% chance for fraternal twins.

Highlight: While the genetic link is strong, no concordance rate reaches 100%, indicating that other factors beyond genetics play a role in the development of schizophrenia.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Adoption Studies and Candidate Genes

Adoption studies provide further evidence for the genetic basis of schizophrenia while also highlighting the importance of environmental factors. The Tienari et al. 19941994 study compared adopted children of schizophrenic parents with adopted children of non-schizophrenic parents. The results showed:

  1. A higher rate of psychoses and severe diagnoses in the offspring of schizophrenic parents
  2. The genetic effect was only manifested in the presence of a disturbed family environment
  3. The impact of disturbed family relations was strongest when combined with genetic predisposition

These findings support a genetic hypothesis for schizophrenia but also emphasize the interaction between genetic and environmental factors.

Recent genetic research has identified numerous candidate genes associated with schizophrenia:

  • A 2014 study by Ripke et al. found 108 distinct locations on the human genome linked to schizophrenia
  • These genetic locations were primarily in regulatory regions rather than coding regions
  • Geschwind noted that most schizophrenia-linked DNA interacted with genes crucial for brain development

Vocabulary: Heterogeneity - The quality of being diverse in character or content.

Highlight: The genetic basis of schizophrenia is complex, involving multiple genes and variations, which contributes to the heterogeneity of the disorder.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

The Dopamine Hypothesis

The dopamine hypothesis is a prominent biological explanation of schizophrenia that focuses on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. This theory proposes that imbalances in dopamine activity contribute to schizophrenia symptoms. The hypothesis identifies two key aspects:

  1. Hypodopaminergia: Low dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex mesocorticalpathwaymesocortical pathway, associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
  2. Hyperdopaminergia: Excessive dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway, associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

The dopamine hypothesis suggests that these imbalances may be due to:

  • Variations in the number of dopamine receptors in different brain areas
  • Differences in the sensitivity of dopamine receptors

Vocabulary: Neural correlate - A measurable brain function or state that corresponds with a particular mental state or behavior.

Definition: Positive symptoms are abnormal experiences or behaviors that are present in schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions. Negative symptoms refer to normal behaviors or experiences that are absent or diminished in schizophrenia, such as lack of motivation or social withdrawal.

Highlight: The dopamine hypothesis provides a biological explanation of schizophrenia that links brain chemistry to specific symptoms, offering potential targets for treatment.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Evaluating the Dopamine Hypothesis

While the dopamine hypothesis offers a compelling biological explanation of schizophrenia, it's important to critically evaluate its strengths and limitations:

  1. Neural Correlate: There is a correlation between brain structure/function and schizophrenia symptoms. However, correlation does not imply causation.
  2. Treatment Effectiveness: Antipsychotic medications that target dopamine activity can reduce positive symptoms. This supports the hypothesis but falls into the treatment-causation fallacy.
  3. Amphetamine Studies: Large doses of amphetamines, which increase dopamine activity, can induce schizophrenia-like symptoms. This provides indirect support for the dopamine hypothesis.
  4. Limitations: The hypothesis doesn't fully explain all aspects of schizophrenia, particularly negative symptoms and cognitive deficits.

Example: The effectiveness of antipsychotic medications in reducing positive symptoms supports the dopamine hypothesis. However, these medications may not address the root cause of schizophrenia.

Highlight: While the dopamine hypothesis is a valuable biological explanation of schizophrenia, it's important to consider it as part of a broader, multifaceted understanding of the disorder.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Structural Brain Differences in Schizophrenia

Biological causes of schizophrenia also include structural differences in the brains of individuals with the disorder. One significant finding is the presence of enlarged ventricles in some schizophrenia patients:

  • Ventricles are spaces in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Enlarged ventricles may indicate a loss of brain tissue in surrounding areas.

Brain imaging studies, particularly in monozygotic identicalidentical twins where one twin has schizophrenia and the other doesn't, have revealed these structural differences. This research provides strong evidence for a biological explanation of schizophrenia, as it shows physical brain changes associated with the disorder.

Definition: Ventricles are cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which helps protect and nourish the brain.

Highlight: The presence of enlarged ventricles in some schizophrenia patients provides a visible biological cause of schizophrenia, linking brain structure to the disorder.

These structural differences, along with genetic factors and neurochemical imbalances, contribute to our understanding of the biological causes of schizophrenia. However, it's crucial to remember that schizophrenia is a complex disorder influenced by both biological and environmental factors. Future research continues to explore how these various elements interact to produce the symptoms and course of schizophrenia.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

The Biological Approach to Schizophrenia

The biological approach to schizophrenia examines how biological factors contribute to the development and symptoms of this complex mental disorder. This perspective is based on several key principles:

  1. All psychological processes have a biological basis
  2. Behavior and mental processes are governed by biological mechanisms
  3. It emphasizes nature over nurture in explaining schizophrenia
  4. It takes a reductionist rather than holistic view
  5. It leans towards biological determinism rather than free will

The main biological factors examined in schizophrenia research include:

  • Genes: The genetic code that influences an individual's traits and predispositions
  • Biological structures: The physical organization and anatomy of the brain and nervous system
  • Neurochemistry: The chemical processes and neurotransmitters in the brain
  • Hormones: Chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions

Vocabulary: Reductionism - The practice of analyzing complex phenomena by breaking them down into simpler, more fundamental elements.

Highlight: The biological approach to schizophrenia sits on the nature side of the nature-nurture debate, emphasizing genetic and physiological factors over environmental influences.



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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

 

Psychology

706

4 Feb 2023

6 pages

Biological Causes and Explanations of Schizophrenia for Kids - PDF Notes

The biological approach to schizophrenia examines how biological factors like genes, brain structure, and neurochemistry contribute to the development of this complex mental disorder. This perspective emphasizes that psychological processes have biological underpinnings and takes a nature-focused, reductionist, and deterministic... Show more

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Genetic Explanation of Schizophrenia

The genetic explanation proposes that schizophrenia develops due to the presence of certain genes or combinations of genes. This theory is supported by twin studies and adoption studies, which examine concordance rates - the likelihood of developing schizophrenia if a relative has the disorder.

Evidence from Gottesman's 1991 study on inheritance and twin studies shows a clear pattern: the more genes shared with a person who has schizophrenia, the higher the risk of developing the disorder. For example:

  • Identical twins have a 48% risk
  • Fraternal twins have a 17% risk
  • First-degree relatives parents,siblings,childrenparents, siblings, children have a 13% risk
  • Second-degree relatives have a 4-6% risk
  • The general population has a 1% risk

Example: If one identical twin has schizophrenia, the other twin has a 48% chance of also developing the disorder, compared to only a 17% chance for fraternal twins.

Highlight: While the genetic link is strong, no concordance rate reaches 100%, indicating that other factors beyond genetics play a role in the development of schizophrenia.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Adoption Studies and Candidate Genes

Adoption studies provide further evidence for the genetic basis of schizophrenia while also highlighting the importance of environmental factors. The Tienari et al. 19941994 study compared adopted children of schizophrenic parents with adopted children of non-schizophrenic parents. The results showed:

  1. A higher rate of psychoses and severe diagnoses in the offspring of schizophrenic parents
  2. The genetic effect was only manifested in the presence of a disturbed family environment
  3. The impact of disturbed family relations was strongest when combined with genetic predisposition

These findings support a genetic hypothesis for schizophrenia but also emphasize the interaction between genetic and environmental factors.

Recent genetic research has identified numerous candidate genes associated with schizophrenia:

  • A 2014 study by Ripke et al. found 108 distinct locations on the human genome linked to schizophrenia
  • These genetic locations were primarily in regulatory regions rather than coding regions
  • Geschwind noted that most schizophrenia-linked DNA interacted with genes crucial for brain development

Vocabulary: Heterogeneity - The quality of being diverse in character or content.

Highlight: The genetic basis of schizophrenia is complex, involving multiple genes and variations, which contributes to the heterogeneity of the disorder.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

The Dopamine Hypothesis

The dopamine hypothesis is a prominent biological explanation of schizophrenia that focuses on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. This theory proposes that imbalances in dopamine activity contribute to schizophrenia symptoms. The hypothesis identifies two key aspects:

  1. Hypodopaminergia: Low dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex mesocorticalpathwaymesocortical pathway, associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
  2. Hyperdopaminergia: Excessive dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway, associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

The dopamine hypothesis suggests that these imbalances may be due to:

  • Variations in the number of dopamine receptors in different brain areas
  • Differences in the sensitivity of dopamine receptors

Vocabulary: Neural correlate - A measurable brain function or state that corresponds with a particular mental state or behavior.

Definition: Positive symptoms are abnormal experiences or behaviors that are present in schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions. Negative symptoms refer to normal behaviors or experiences that are absent or diminished in schizophrenia, such as lack of motivation or social withdrawal.

Highlight: The dopamine hypothesis provides a biological explanation of schizophrenia that links brain chemistry to specific symptoms, offering potential targets for treatment.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Evaluating the Dopamine Hypothesis

While the dopamine hypothesis offers a compelling biological explanation of schizophrenia, it's important to critically evaluate its strengths and limitations:

  1. Neural Correlate: There is a correlation between brain structure/function and schizophrenia symptoms. However, correlation does not imply causation.
  2. Treatment Effectiveness: Antipsychotic medications that target dopamine activity can reduce positive symptoms. This supports the hypothesis but falls into the treatment-causation fallacy.
  3. Amphetamine Studies: Large doses of amphetamines, which increase dopamine activity, can induce schizophrenia-like symptoms. This provides indirect support for the dopamine hypothesis.
  4. Limitations: The hypothesis doesn't fully explain all aspects of schizophrenia, particularly negative symptoms and cognitive deficits.

Example: The effectiveness of antipsychotic medications in reducing positive symptoms supports the dopamine hypothesis. However, these medications may not address the root cause of schizophrenia.

Highlight: While the dopamine hypothesis is a valuable biological explanation of schizophrenia, it's important to consider it as part of a broader, multifaceted understanding of the disorder.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Structural Brain Differences in Schizophrenia

Biological causes of schizophrenia also include structural differences in the brains of individuals with the disorder. One significant finding is the presence of enlarged ventricles in some schizophrenia patients:

  • Ventricles are spaces in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Enlarged ventricles may indicate a loss of brain tissue in surrounding areas.

Brain imaging studies, particularly in monozygotic identicalidentical twins where one twin has schizophrenia and the other doesn't, have revealed these structural differences. This research provides strong evidence for a biological explanation of schizophrenia, as it shows physical brain changes associated with the disorder.

Definition: Ventricles are cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which helps protect and nourish the brain.

Highlight: The presence of enlarged ventricles in some schizophrenia patients provides a visible biological cause of schizophrenia, linking brain structure to the disorder.

These structural differences, along with genetic factors and neurochemical imbalances, contribute to our understanding of the biological causes of schizophrenia. However, it's crucial to remember that schizophrenia is a complex disorder influenced by both biological and environmental factors. Future research continues to explore how these various elements interact to produce the symptoms and course of schizophrenia.

The biological approach to sz
starter
1. everything psychological is first biological
2. behaviour and psychological processes are governed

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

The Biological Approach to Schizophrenia

The biological approach to schizophrenia examines how biological factors contribute to the development and symptoms of this complex mental disorder. This perspective is based on several key principles:

  1. All psychological processes have a biological basis
  2. Behavior and mental processes are governed by biological mechanisms
  3. It emphasizes nature over nurture in explaining schizophrenia
  4. It takes a reductionist rather than holistic view
  5. It leans towards biological determinism rather than free will

The main biological factors examined in schizophrenia research include:

  • Genes: The genetic code that influences an individual's traits and predispositions
  • Biological structures: The physical organization and anatomy of the brain and nervous system
  • Neurochemistry: The chemical processes and neurotransmitters in the brain
  • Hormones: Chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions

Vocabulary: Reductionism - The practice of analyzing complex phenomena by breaking them down into simpler, more fundamental elements.

Highlight: The biological approach to schizophrenia sits on the nature side of the nature-nurture debate, emphasizing genetic and physiological factors over environmental influences.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user