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How Reactions Happen: Temps and Catalysts at Work

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Lauren

22/01/2023

Chemistry

rate of reaction

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Chemistry

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Kinetics

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Reaction Rates

How Reactions Happen: Temps and Catalysts at Work

A comprehensive guide to understanding reaction rates and collision theory, focusing on key factors affecting chemical reactions. This resource explores the fundamentals of reaction kinetics, temperature effects, and catalysis for young chemistry students.

  • Collision theory explains reaction rates, especially for gases
  • Temperature increase accelerates reactions by enhancing particle energy and collision frequency
  • Catalysts provide alternative reaction pathways with lower activation energy
  • Practical methods for investigating concentration effects on reaction rates are outlined
...

22/01/2023

113

Rate of Reaction ♡ Collision Theory ↳ used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particulary for gases. Rate of Reaction, ↳ A measure

View

Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates

This page explores the effect of temperature on reaction rates, a crucial aspect of chemical kinetics.

When the temperature of a reaction mixture is increased, several important changes occur:

  1. Reactant particles move more quickly
  2. The energy of the particles increases
  3. The frequency of successful collisions increases
  4. The proportion of successful collisions increases

As a result of these changes, the overall rate of reaction increases with temperature.

Highlight: Increasing temperature leads to faster-moving particles with higher energy, resulting in more frequent and successful collisions, thus accelerating the reaction rate.

The page also introduces graphical representations of reaction rates:

  • Fast reactions show a steeper curve
  • Slow reactions display a more gradual slope

Example: A graph showing the change in total mass or volume of product over time can visually represent the difference between fast and slow reactions.

The units for rates of reaction in higher-level chemistry are introduced as mol/s.

Rate of Reaction ♡ Collision Theory ↳ used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particulary for gases. Rate of Reaction, ↳ A measure

View

Catalysts and Their Impact on Reaction Rates

This page focuses on investigating catalyst impact on chemical reactions and their role in altering reaction rates.

A catalyst is defined as a substance that:

  1. Increases the rate of a reaction
  2. Does not alter the products of the reaction
  3. Is not chemically changed or used up at the end of the reaction

Definition: A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

The mechanism of catalyst action is explained:

  • A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway
  • This alternative pathway has a lower activation energy than the uncatalysed reaction

Highlight: Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate without changing the overall energy change of the reaction.

The page also outlines a method to investigate the effect of changing concentration on the rate of a reaction:

  1. Set up a gas syringe with a stand, boss, and clamp
  2. Add 50cm³ of dilute hydrochloric acid to a conical flask
  3. Add 0.4g of calcium carbonate to the flask and start a stopwatch
  4. Record the volume of gas every 10 seconds
  5. Clean the apparatus as directed after the reaction is complete

Example: This experimental setup can be used to measure the rate of carbon dioxide production in the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

Rate of Reaction ♡ Collision Theory ↳ used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particulary for gases. Rate of Reaction, ↳ A measure

View

Experimental Variations and Safety

This page concludes the experimental procedure and suggests variations for further investigation.

The experiment can be repeated with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid to observe how concentration affects the reaction rate.

Highlight: Varying the concentration of reactants allows students to explore how this factor influences the rate of chemical reactions.

Safety considerations are implied with the instruction to clean the apparatus as directed by a teacher, emphasizing the importance of proper laboratory practices.

Vocabulary: Concentration - The amount of a substance in a given volume of solution, often expressed in mol/L.

This practical approach provides hands-on experience in studying reaction kinetics, allowing students to observe and measure the effects of concentration on reaction rates directly.

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Subjects

Chemistry

Kinetics

Reaction Rates

 

Chemistry

•

113

•

22 Jan 2023

•

4 pages

How Reactions Happen: Temps and Catalysts at Work

user profile picture

Lauren

@lauren_xxzi

A comprehensive guide to understanding reaction rates and collision theory, focusing on key factors affecting chemical reactions. This resource explores the fundamentals of reaction kinetics, temperature effects, and catalysis for young chemistry students.

  • Collision theoryexplains reaction rates, especially for... Show more

Rate of Reaction ♡ Collision Theory ↳ used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particulary for gases. Rate of Reaction, ↳ A measure

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Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates

This page explores the effect of temperature on reaction rates, a crucial aspect of chemical kinetics.

When the temperature of a reaction mixture is increased, several important changes occur:

  1. Reactant particles move more quickly
  2. The energy of the particles increases
  3. The frequency of successful collisions increases
  4. The proportion of successful collisions increases

As a result of these changes, the overall rate of reaction increases with temperature.

Highlight: Increasing temperature leads to faster-moving particles with higher energy, resulting in more frequent and successful collisions, thus accelerating the reaction rate.

The page also introduces graphical representations of reaction rates:

  • Fast reactions show a steeper curve
  • Slow reactions display a more gradual slope

Example: A graph showing the change in total mass or volume of product over time can visually represent the difference between fast and slow reactions.

The units for rates of reaction in higher-level chemistry are introduced as mol/s.

Rate of Reaction ♡ Collision Theory ↳ used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particulary for gases. Rate of Reaction, ↳ A measure

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Catalysts and Their Impact on Reaction Rates

This page focuses on investigating catalyst impact on chemical reactions and their role in altering reaction rates.

A catalyst is defined as a substance that:

  1. Increases the rate of a reaction
  2. Does not alter the products of the reaction
  3. Is not chemically changed or used up at the end of the reaction

Definition: A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

The mechanism of catalyst action is explained:

  • A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway
  • This alternative pathway has a lower activation energy than the uncatalysed reaction

Highlight: Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate without changing the overall energy change of the reaction.

The page also outlines a method to investigate the effect of changing concentration on the rate of a reaction:

  1. Set up a gas syringe with a stand, boss, and clamp
  2. Add 50cm³ of dilute hydrochloric acid to a conical flask
  3. Add 0.4g of calcium carbonate to the flask and start a stopwatch
  4. Record the volume of gas every 10 seconds
  5. Clean the apparatus as directed after the reaction is complete

Example: This experimental setup can be used to measure the rate of carbon dioxide production in the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

Rate of Reaction ♡ Collision Theory ↳ used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particulary for gases. Rate of Reaction, ↳ A measure

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Experimental Variations and Safety

This page concludes the experimental procedure and suggests variations for further investigation.

The experiment can be repeated with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid to observe how concentration affects the reaction rate.

Highlight: Varying the concentration of reactants allows students to explore how this factor influences the rate of chemical reactions.

Safety considerations are implied with the instruction to clean the apparatus as directed by a teacher, emphasizing the importance of proper laboratory practices.

Vocabulary: Concentration - The amount of a substance in a given volume of solution, often expressed in mol/L.

This practical approach provides hands-on experience in studying reaction kinetics, allowing students to observe and measure the effects of concentration on reaction rates directly.

Rate of Reaction ♡ Collision Theory ↳ used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particulary for gases. Rate of Reaction, ↳ A measure

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Rate of Reaction and Collision Theory

This page introduces the fundamental concepts of reaction rates and collision theory in chemistry.

Collision theory rate of reaction explanation is presented as a key model for predicting chemical reaction rates, particularly for gases. The rate of reaction is defined as a measure of how quickly a reactant is used up or a product is formed.

For a chemical reaction to occur, two critical conditions must be met:

  1. Reactant particles must collide with each other
  2. The particles must have sufficient energy to react

The mean rate of reaction can be calculated using the following formulas:

  • Quantity of reactant used / Time taken
  • Quantity of product formed / Time taken

Definition: Rate of Reaction = Quantity of product formed / Time taken

Units for measuring reaction rates are provided:

  • Mass: g/s or g/min
  • Volume: cm³/s or cm³/min

Vocabulary: Collision Theory - A model that explains how chemical reactions occur and why reaction rates differ.

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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

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Greenlight Bonnie

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Rohan U

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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

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