Major Sociological Perspectives
This page explores key theoretical perspectives in sociology, focusing on functionalism, Marxism, and Max Weber's ideas.
Émile Durkheim is introduced as a founding figure of functionalism:
Definition: Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts working together to maintain social stability and cohesion. It focuses on how social institutions contribute to overall social order.
Criticism: Critics argue that functionalism overlooks negative aspects of society and may be outdated in its emphasis on consensus and stability.
The page contrasts functionalist and conflict approaches:
Highlight: Functionalism sees society as based on consensus and shared values, while conflict theories like Marxism and feminism focus on competing interests between social groups.
Max Weber's contributions to sociological theory are outlined:
Example: Weber argued that social stratification involves multiple dimensions beyond just economic class, including status socialprestige and power. He noted that high status doesn't always correlate with high income.
Criticism: While Weber expanded on Marx's ideas about social inequality, he didn't explore inequalities based on gender, ethnicity, or age in great detail.
The page concludes by introducing feminist perspectives in sociology:
Definition: Feminist sociologists examine gender inequality, sexism, and discrimination in society. They distinguish between biological sex differences and socially constructed gender roles and expectations.
Vocabulary: Sex refers to biological differences between males and females, while gender encompasses the cultural expectations, ideas, and practices associated with masculinity and femininity.
