Page 2: Women's Financial Independence and Feminist Perspectives on Divorce

The second page continues the exploration of factors contributing to the increase in divorce rates Sociology, focusing on women's increasing financial independence and feminist explanations for rising divorce rates.

Women's growing financial independence has been a crucial factor in the rising divorce rate percentage. The page outlines several key changes that have contributed to this independence:

1. Increased female participation in the workforce $53$
2. Narrowing of the gender pay gap
3. Improved educational outcomes for girls leading to better career prospects
4. Greater availability of welfare benefits

These changes have significantly reduced women's financial dependence on their husbands, making it more feasible for them to leave unhappy marriages.

Example: A woman with her own income from paid work is more likely to seek divorce if she experiences conflict or a lack of love in her marriage, as she can support herself financially.

The page then delves into feminist explanations for the rising divorce rates Sociology essay. These perspectives highlight several key issues:

1. The dual burden women face in managing both paid work and domestic responsibilities
2. The persistence of patriarchal structures within marriage
3. The concept of women's "triple shift" $paid work, domestic work, and emotional labor$

Vocabulary: Triple shift refers to the three types of work many women are expected to perform: paid employment, domestic chores, and emotional labor within the family.

Hochschild $1997$ argues that the home environment often compares unfavorably to the workplace for women, as they feel more valued in their professional roles. This, combined with men's resistance to sharing housework and the reduction in time for emotional work, contributes to higher divorce rates.

The page concludes with a reference to Sigle-Rushton's $2007$ research, which suggests that women who bear the dual burden of paid work and domestic responsibilities are more likely to divorce than non-working mothers, except in certain cases.

This comprehensive exploration of the sociological perspectives on divorce provides a nuanced understanding of the complex factors contributing to the rising divorce rates in the UK since the 1950s.

Page 2: Changing Perspectives on Marriage

This section explores evolving attitudes towards marriage and divorce, incorporating various sociological perspectives on these changes. The content addresses why divorce rates increased Sociology from different theoretical standpoints.

Quote: "Love, personal commitment and intrinsic satisfaction are now seen as the cornerstones of marriage. The absence of these feelings is itself justification for ending the relationship" - Allan & Crow $2001$

Highlight: Functionalists maintain an optimistic view despite high divorce rates, emphasizing the continued popularity of marriage through high remarriage rates.

Page 3: Sociological Interpretations of High Divorce Rates

The page analyzes sociological perspectives on divorce through various theoretical lenses, examining the implications of increased divorce rates on society and family structures.

Vocabulary: The New Right perspective views divorce as socially destabilizing, while feminists see it as liberation from patriarchal structures.

Definition: Consequences of divorce Sociology include impacts on children's welfare, family stability, and social structures.

Page 4: Modern Relationship Patterns

This section examines contemporary relationship forms, including cohabitation and same-sex partnerships, reflecting the evolution of family structures beyond traditional marriage.

Definition: Cohabitation refers to couples living together without marriage, representing various relationship arrangements from trial marriages to permanent alternatives.

Highlight: Research indicates women in cohabiting relationships often experience more equitable domestic arrangements than married couples.

Page 5: Evolution of Parenthood

The page explores changing patterns in parenthood and family formation, addressing shifts in childbearing trends and the rise of lone-parent families.

Example: The average age of first-time mothers has increased by 4 years between 1971 and 2012.

Highlight: Nearly 50% of children are now born outside marriage, double the rate from 1986.

Page 1: The Rise of Divorce Rates and Contributing Factors

The first page delves into the significant increase in divorce rates UK since the 1930s and explores the various factors contributing to this trend. It begins by outlining key statistics and then delves into several explanations for the rise in divorces.

Changes in divorce laws have played a crucial role in making divorce more accessible. The page outlines several legal milestones that have contributed to the increasing divorce rates since the 1930s:

Highlight: Key legal changes include the 1923 equalization of divorce grounds for men and women, the 1949 introduction of legal aid to lower divorce costs, and the 1971 widening of divorce grounds to include "irretrievable breakdown."

The declining stigma associated with divorce has been another significant factor.

Definition: Stigma refers to a negative label or social disapproval attached to a particular action or state.

Mitchell & Goody $1997$ note that since the 1960s, there has been a marked decrease in the stigma attached to divorce, leading to greater willingness among couples to consider it as a solution to marital problems.

Secularization has also played a role in changing attitudes towards divorce. As society becomes more secular, people are less influenced by religious teachings when considering divorce. Many churches have even softened their stance on divorce to maintain relevance and membership.

The page also discusses the impact of rising expectations in marriage, linking it to the ideology of romantic love.

Quote: "Love, personal commitment and intrinsic satisfaction are now seen as the cornerstones of marriage. The absence of these feelings is itself justification for ending the relationship" - Allan & Crow $2001$

This perspective, while optimistic about the continued popularity of marriage, is critiqued by feminists who argue that female oppression is a more significant cause of marital conflict and divorce.