Title Page and Contents

Your GCSE Sociology exams are split into two papers worth 50% each. Paper 1 covers Family and Education (Monday 16th May), while Paper 2 tackles Crime and Deviance plus Social Stratification (Friday 10th June).

This revision pack is your one-stop guide for exam success. It includes everything from glossaries and key studies to practice questions and essay planning sheets.

Top Tip: Make sure you know which topics appear on which paper - you don't want any nasty surprises on exam day!

The pack follows a logical structure, starting with exam overview and theory basics, then diving into each topic with practice materials and model answers.

Contents Overview

The revision pack covers all the essentials you'll need for exam success. You've got research methods knowledge organisers, glossaries for each topic, and crucial key studies that examiners love to see.

The practice sections include item-based questions and those all-important 3, 4, and 12-mark questions. Each topic gets its own set of practice materials, so you can focus your revision where you need it most.

Sentence starters and model answers are included to help you structure your responses properly. The PEELE paragraph method is explained clearly, giving you a solid framework for those longer essay questions.

Exam Hack: The 'identify and explain' 4-markers and 'discuss how far' 12-markers follow specific patterns - master these formats and you're golden!

Exam Paper Structure

Both papers follow an identical structure and timing. You'll have 1 hour 45 minutes to complete 100 marks worth of questions, with each paper worth 50% of your final grade.

Each section starts with multiple choice questions, then moves through short responses to extended essays. Paper 1 covers families and education, while Paper 2 tackles crime/deviance and social stratification.

Command words are crucial - they tell you exactly what the examiner wants. 'Identify' means state briefly, 'describe' means give main features, and 'discuss how far' requires you to present different sides of a debate.

2022 Special: Due to COVID, you've been given advance information about the 12-mark essay topics, but everything else is still fair game!

The advanced information only covers the big essay questions - you still need to know everything for the smaller mark questions.

Advanced Information Topics

For Family, your essay focus areas include family diversity (the Rapoports' work), divorce patterns since 1945, and different family forms like nuclear, extended, and lone-parent families.

Education essays will focus on functionalist theories (Durkheim and Parsons), school processes like labelling and streaming, plus the work of Ball and Willis on teacher expectations.

Crime and Deviance covers the social construction of crime, Merton's anomie theory, Becker's labelling theory, and Heidensohn's work on female conformity in patriarchal societies.

Strategy Note: Even though these are your essay topics, you still need broader knowledge for the shorter questions!

Social Stratification focuses on functionalist theory (Davis and Moore), different interpretations of poverty, and the work of Townsend and Murray on relative deprivation and underclass theory.

Question Types and Strategies

Multiple choice questions need careful reading - double-check your answer matches the description exactly. The 3-mark 'identify/describe' questions want three clear, distinct sentences.

For 4-mark questions, write one solid paragraph that names your point clearly (1 mark) then gives detailed explanation with sociological concepts (3 marks). Always link back to the question context.

12-mark essays follow a specific structure: one PEELE paragraph supporting the statement, one PEELE paragraph with an alternative view, then a brief conclusion choosing the stronger argument.

PEELE Breakdown: Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link, Evaluation - this structure will save you every time!

Each exam section has exactly 22 questions (11 per topic), following the same pattern of 2 multiple choice, 2x3-markers, 1x2-marker, 4x4-markers, and 2x12-markers.

Core Sociological Theories

Marxism sees society as a battle between the ruling class (bourgeoisie) and workers (proletariat). Everything in society benefits the ruling class and helps them exploit workers - it's all about exposing these systems of inequality.

Functionalism views society as balanced and harmonious, where each part (family, education, work) serves a function that keeps society together. Without this 'social glue', people experience anomie - a breakdown of social norms.

Feminism focuses on unequal relationships between men and women in a patriarchal society. The whole system keeps power in men's hands, and feminist sociologists study how this affects women's lives.

Theory Tip: Each theory offers a completely different lens for viewing the same social issues - practice applying each one!

Interactionism takes a micro approach, looking at how people interpret situations and interact with each other rather than studying society as a whole.

Research Methods - Sampling and Ethics

Sampling methods determine who you study. Random sampling gives everyone equal chances, while stratified sampling divides people into groups (age, gender, class) then selects randomly from each group.

Ethical issues are crucial in sociology. Researchers must get informed consent, protect participants from harm, maintain confidentiality, and debrief participants afterwards about the study's true nature.

Snowball sampling works well for hard-to-reach groups - you ask participants to recommend others. Opportunity sampling just picks the most convenient people available.

Ethics Matter: Remember that vulnerable groups need extra protection, and researchers must never misrepresent their data!

The research process follows clear stages: generate hypothesis, design study, conduct pilot study, collect data, analyse results, and draw conclusions.

Research Methods - Observations

Overt observations are honest - people know they're being watched. This avoids ethical issues but might cause the Hawthorne effect where people change their behaviour because they know they're being observed.

Covert observations involve secret watching, which prevents behaviour changes and gives more valid results. However, there are serious ethical concerns about spying on people without consent.

Participant observation means joining the group you're studying, giving deep insights into their world. Non-participant observation keeps you separate and more objective but might miss important details.

Observation Trade-off: You're always balancing ethical concerns against getting valid, detailed data about real behaviour!

Longitudinal studies follow the same people over time, showing how things change. They're brilliant for understanding social trends but expensive and time-consuming to complete.

Research Methods - Interviews and Questionnaires

Interviews give detailed, qualitative data through face-to-face conversations. You can probe deeper into answers and build rapport with participants, but they're time-consuming and potentially biased.

Structured interviews use the same questions for everyone, making them reliable and easy to compare. Unstructured interviews are more like conversations, giving richer data but making comparisons harder.

Questionnaires are cheap and quick, reaching large samples easily. However, they often use closed questions that don't capture the full picture of what people really think.

Method Mix: The best research often combines different methods - this is called triangulation and improves validity!

Content analysis studies media representations by counting how often certain themes appear. It's reliable and cheap but only gives surface-level insights without explaining why patterns exist.