Understanding abnormal psychology requires examining multiple perspectives on what makes behavior "abnormal."
Definitions of abnormality psychology encompasses several key approaches to identifying psychological disorders. The failure to function adequately perspective, developed by Rosenhan and Seligman, outlines seven criteria including suffering, maladaptiveness, irrationality, unpredictability, unconventionality, observer discomfort, and violation of moral standards. This approach emphasizes how psychological disorders interfere with daily functioning and social relationships. While this definition provides clear guidelines, critics note that cultural differences can affect what's considered "adequate functioning."
The deviation from social norms framework examines how behaviors differ from accepted cultural standards. This approach recognizes that abnormal behavior varies across societies and time periods. For example, what's considered unusual in one culture may be perfectly acceptable in another. The deviation from ideal mental health model, proposed by Jahoda, identifies six criteria for positive mental health: accurate self-perception, realistic view of the world, environmental mastery, positive self-esteem, autonomy, and ability to form relationships. This comprehensive approach helps identify psychological wellness, though critics argue it sets unrealistic standards that few people can achieve. Psychopathology definitions of abnormality also consider statistical rarity and personal distress as key factors in determining what constitutes abnormal behavior.
These various definitions work together to provide a more complete understanding of psychological disorders. Mental health professionals typically consider multiple perspectives when making diagnoses, recognizing that no single definition perfectly captures the complexity of human behavior and mental health. The failure to function adequately psychology approach remains particularly influential in clinical settings, while the social norms perspective helps practitioners consider cultural context. Understanding these different frameworks is crucial for students studying psychology and for healthcare providers working to identify and treat psychological disorders effectively.
