around 30 seconds, around 7 words or numbers

episodic - life events, semantic - facts, procedural - skills

interference - similar items being mixed up, distortion - adding or changing information, brain damage

something which can help you to remember memories

where in the brain is involved in the formation of new semantic and episodic LTM?

hippocampus removed, STM unaffected but unable to form new semantic or episodic LTM

encoding - new information being taken into memory (input), storage - information held to be used later on, retrieval - accessing stored informaton so it can be used (output)

recognition - stimulus repeated and person compares to memory e.g. multiple choice, cued recall - using a cue (prompt or reminder), free recall - no stimulus or cue, directly from memory

what needs to happen to information for it to be taken into STM?

three stores of memory; sensory, short term, long term, sensory - very small capacity and duration, if paid attention to, encoded acoustically into short-term memory, short term- around 7 words, 30 seconds, where information currently used is stored, rehearsal can make information last longer in STM, and eventually moved into LTM, information in LTM can be retrieved back to STM to be used, infinite capacity and duration

studies to support separate stores, e.g. murdock's serial position curve, shows how different types of memory are in different areas of the brain

2 strengths of multi-store memory model theory?

reductionist, as it doesnt account for schemas or different stores within LTM, heavily relies on rehearsal for encoding

2 weaknesses of multi-store memory model theory?

to see if the position of a word in a list affects quality of memory

have participants 10 lists of words ranging from 10-40 words to remember, then asked them all to write them down, compared the chance of each word being recalled with its position on the list

method of murdock's serial position curve?

words at the start of the list were better remembered than those in the middle (primacy effect), words at the end were also better remembered (recency effect), middle words often forgotten

results of murdock's serial position curve?

primacy effect occurs because items at the start have more time to be rehearsed (LTM), by the middle there are too many to rehearse, recency effect occurs because they are still in STM but the middle words are displaced out of STM due to a limited capacity

conclusion of murdock's serial position curve?

used a standardised procedure so research could be easily replicated which increases reliability, lab study - highly controlled extraneous variables, high internal validity

2 strengths of murdocks serial position curve study?

lab study - artificial task, lacks ecological validity, small sample size of psychology students - not generalisable to the whole population

2 weaknesses of murdocks serial position curve study?

blocks of information based off past experiences and cultural expectations

to find out if a persons memory for stories was affected by their scehmas

had participants from the uk read a native american folk story called the war of ghosts, then asked to recall it 

four common errors - additions, subtractions, transformation to familiar, preservation of detached detail

ideas from the story were forgotten or distorted because the participants didnt have the cultural scehmas in their LTM to connect to the new information. additions demonstrated the use of the particupants own cultural scehmas during the retrieval process

conclusion of bartlets war of ghosts study?

lab study - controlled extraneous variables, high internal validity, provides an explanation for differing recall of events such as eye witness testimony - real life applications

2 strengths of bartlets war of ghosts study?

no control group of native americans to compare the results to so they may have only changed the story because it was naturally confusing, not generalisable as the sample is limited to english students from cambridge university, cannot be applied to whole population

2 weaknesses of bartlets war of ghosts study?

we construct memories by trying to fit them into existing scehmas, which are blocks of information based off of past experiences and cultural expectations. schemas can be changed through time, by assimilation (adding to an existing schema) or accomodation (changing information or schemas to fit new information)

describe bartlets reconstructive theory of memory?

can explain false memories, schemas are useful in explaining other cognitive processes

2 strengths of bartlets reconstructive theory of memory?

information done for this was done by himself, biased, too much focus on inaccuracy of memory when memories are largely accurate

2 weaknesses of bartlets reconstructive theory of memory?

state - if someone if in the same emotion or on the same drug, time - information forgotten over time, interference - if multiple pieces of information are too similar they can be forgotten, context - if we are in the same place, or wearing the same clothes as when we first learned something

Psychology - Memory

Flashcards

Psychology - Memory

Flashcards