Understanding Sex, Gender, and Biological Foundations
Sex and gender differences in psychology form a complex interplay of biological and social factors. While sex refers to biological characteristics, gender encompasses psychological and social aspects of identity. The fundamental distinction between biological sex and gender identity is crucial for understanding human development and behavior.
Chromosomal makeup plays a vital role in biological differences between males and females. Most humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with the 23rd pair determining biological sex. Typically, XX chromosomes result in female development, while XY chromosomes lead to male development.
Definition: Sex refers to biological factors determining whether someone is male, female, or intersex, characterized by genotype differences and physical characteristics. Gender refers to social and psychological characteristics related to masculinity and femininity.
The SRY gene Sex−determiningRegionY on the Y chromosome is crucial for male development. When present, it triggers male developmental pathways. Its absence typically results in female development. However, variations in this process can lead to various developmental patterns.
Highlight: Understanding the distinction between sex and gender is fundamental to modern Psychology gender revision and forms a core component of AQA A Level Psychology gender notes.