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Abdullah Ahmed
24/01/2023
Psychology
EDEXCEL PSYCHOLOGY AS/YEAR 1 LEVEL
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24 Jan 2023
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Cool Study Review: Raine et al 1997 Findings, Aims, and More for Kids
Abdullah Ahmed
@akamongoose
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Validity Assessment and Conclusion of Raine et al. (1997) Study
The Raine et al 1997 method demonstrates both strengths and weaknesses in terms of validity. A significant strength of the study lies in its sampling approach, which enhances its overall validity. Participants were carefully matched on key variables such as age, gender, and mental illness, allowing for more accurate comparisons of brain activity between murderers and non-murderers.
Definition: Validity in research refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure and how well its results correspond to the real world.
This matching process enabled researchers to isolate the effects of brain abnormalities on aggressive behavior, providing a higher level of control and thus increasing the study's internal validity.
However, the study faces criticism regarding its task validity. The continuous performance task (CPT) used in the experiment, which involved participants looking at blurred numbers on a screen, lacked a direct connection to violent behavior.
Highlight: The artificial nature of the CPT task may not accurately reflect the brain activity involved in real-world violent acts, limiting the study's ecological validity.
A task more closely related to violence or aggression might have provided a more accurate representation of the brain activity involved in violent behavior, enhancing the study's applicability to real-world scenarios.
The Raine et al 1997 conclusion acknowledges the study's contribution to understanding the role of brain activity in violent behavior while recognizing its limitations. The research has significantly advanced our knowledge of genetic influences on aggression and the neurological basis of violent tendencies. However, the artificial nature of the experimental task and the limited sample size constrain the broader applicability of the findings.
Quote: "In conclusion, the study has helped to identify the role of the brain and its activity in violent behaviour. However, the task the participants did was artificial and would not have shown how their brain activity actually is when they are aggressive."
This study serves as a foundation for further research into what chemical influences aggression and the neurological underpinnings of criminal or violent behaviour, often resulting in death. Future studies could build upon these findings by incorporating more ecologically valid tasks and broader, more diverse samples to enhance our understanding of the complex relationship between brain function and violent behavior.
Evaluation of Raine et al. (1997) Study: Generalizability and Application
The Raine et al 1997 evaluation reveals both strengths and weaknesses in the study's methodology and findings. A significant limitation of the research is its lack of generalizability. The study focused on a small sample of 41 murderers and non-murderers, all from California, who were pleading Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI). This narrow sample selection raises questions about the broader applicability of the results to all murderers or violent offenders.
Highlight: The study found differences in brain activity and abnormalities between murderers and non-murderers, suggesting a link between these neurological factors and violent behavior.
However, the limited sample size and specific demographic focus make it challenging to extrapolate these findings to a wider population of violent offenders or those from different geographical or cultural backgrounds.
On the other hand, a notable strength of the study lies in its potential real-world applications. The application of brain scans in identifying violent behavior could have significant implications for crime prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Example: PET scan results showing low levels of brain activity in certain areas could be used to identify individuals at risk of violent behavior, allowing for early intervention and support.
This information could potentially influence legal proceedings, such as reducing prison sentences based on neurological evidence, and even contribute to preventing future violent crimes through targeted interventions.
Vocabulary: PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan - A type of imaging test that uses a radioactive tracer to visualize brain activity.
The study's findings contribute to our understanding of the biochemical influences on aggression and the role of brain function in violent behavior, offering a scientific basis for exploring what part of the brain controls aggression and emotional processing.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Cool Study Review: Raine et al 1997 Findings, Aims, and More for Kids
Abdullah Ahmed
@akamongoose
The Raine et al. (1997) study on brain activity in murderers
This study examined brain activity differences between murderers and non-murderers using PET scans. While it provided insights into potential neurological factors influencing violent behavior, the research had limitations in... Show more
Validity Assessment and Conclusion of Raine et al. (1997) Study
The Raine et al 1997 method demonstrates both strengths and weaknesses in terms of validity. A significant strength of the study lies in its sampling approach, which enhances its overall validity. Participants were carefully matched on key variables such as age, gender, and mental illness, allowing for more accurate comparisons of brain activity between murderers and non-murderers.
Definition: Validity in research refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure and how well its results correspond to the real world.
This matching process enabled researchers to isolate the effects of brain abnormalities on aggressive behavior, providing a higher level of control and thus increasing the study's internal validity.
However, the study faces criticism regarding its task validity. The continuous performance task (CPT) used in the experiment, which involved participants looking at blurred numbers on a screen, lacked a direct connection to violent behavior.
Highlight: The artificial nature of the CPT task may not accurately reflect the brain activity involved in real-world violent acts, limiting the study's ecological validity.
A task more closely related to violence or aggression might have provided a more accurate representation of the brain activity involved in violent behavior, enhancing the study's applicability to real-world scenarios.
The Raine et al 1997 conclusion acknowledges the study's contribution to understanding the role of brain activity in violent behavior while recognizing its limitations. The research has significantly advanced our knowledge of genetic influences on aggression and the neurological basis of violent tendencies. However, the artificial nature of the experimental task and the limited sample size constrain the broader applicability of the findings.
Quote: "In conclusion, the study has helped to identify the role of the brain and its activity in violent behaviour. However, the task the participants did was artificial and would not have shown how their brain activity actually is when they are aggressive."
This study serves as a foundation for further research into what chemical influences aggression and the neurological underpinnings of criminal or violent behaviour, often resulting in death. Future studies could build upon these findings by incorporating more ecologically valid tasks and broader, more diverse samples to enhance our understanding of the complex relationship between brain function and violent behavior.
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Access to all documents
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Evaluation of Raine et al. (1997) Study: Generalizability and Application
The Raine et al 1997 evaluation reveals both strengths and weaknesses in the study's methodology and findings. A significant limitation of the research is its lack of generalizability. The study focused on a small sample of 41 murderers and non-murderers, all from California, who were pleading Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI). This narrow sample selection raises questions about the broader applicability of the results to all murderers or violent offenders.
Highlight: The study found differences in brain activity and abnormalities between murderers and non-murderers, suggesting a link between these neurological factors and violent behavior.
However, the limited sample size and specific demographic focus make it challenging to extrapolate these findings to a wider population of violent offenders or those from different geographical or cultural backgrounds.
On the other hand, a notable strength of the study lies in its potential real-world applications. The application of brain scans in identifying violent behavior could have significant implications for crime prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Example: PET scan results showing low levels of brain activity in certain areas could be used to identify individuals at risk of violent behavior, allowing for early intervention and support.
This information could potentially influence legal proceedings, such as reducing prison sentences based on neurological evidence, and even contribute to preventing future violent crimes through targeted interventions.
Vocabulary: PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan - A type of imaging test that uses a radioactive tracer to visualize brain activity.
The study's findings contribute to our understanding of the biochemical influences on aggression and the role of brain function in violent behavior, offering a scientific basis for exploring what part of the brain controls aggression and emotional processing.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user